ChapterChapter 33

Leadership BehaviorLeadership Behavior and Motivationand Motivation

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Summary of Lecture #4

• Pygmalion Effect

• Developing Positive Attitude

• What is ethic

• Ethical Leadership

• Stakeholder theory of Ethics

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Learning Outcomes

University of Iowa leadership styles

University of Michigan University leadership models

Ohio State University leadership model and the leadership grid

Three content motivation theories

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Leadership Style

The combination of traits, skills, and behaviors leaders use as they interact with followers.

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

University of IowaLeadership Styles

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Autocratic Democratic

University of MichiganLeadership Styles

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Job centered Leadership style

Employee Centered Leadership Style

Somewhere in middle

The Ohio State University Leadership ModelThe Ohio State University Leadership Model

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Low Structure High Structureand andHigh Consideration High Consideration

Low Structure High Structureand andLow Consideration Low Consideration

Initiating StructureLow High

consideration

Low

High

Leadership Style

• In Your Opinion which is the best Leadership Style?

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

The one which works for the individual leader in a specific time and in a specific

environment

Leadership Style

• Which leadership style do workers think is best?

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

No one is best in all circumstances and situations but generally

followers like consideration style

Blake, Mouton, & McCanse Leadership GridBlake, Mouton, & McCanse Leadership Grid

1,9Country Club

1,1 9,1

9,9

5,5

Impoverished

Team Leader

Middle of the Road

Authority-Compliance

PPEEOOPPLLEECCOONNCCEERRNN

Low

High

1 CONCERN for PRODUCTIONCONCERN for PRODUCTION 9Low High

Source: Adapted from Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton, The Managerial Grid III (Houston: Gulf, 1985); and Robert R. Blake and Anna Adams McCase, Leadership Dilemmas-Grid Solutions (Houston: Gulf, 1991), 29.

Motivation

• What is Motivation?

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Anything that affects behavior in pursuit

of a certain outcome

Motivation

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Motivation ProcessMotivation Process

Need Motive Behavior

Satisfactionor dissatisfaction

Consequence

Feedback

Motivation Theories

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Classification of Motivation

Theories

Motivation Theory

1.Content motivation theories1.Content motivation theories a. Hierarchy of needs theory

b. Two-factor theory

c. Acquired needs theory

2.Process motivation theories2.Process motivation theories a. Equity theory

b. Expectancy theory

c. Goal-setting theory

3.Reinforcement theory3.Reinforcement theory Type of Reinforcement Type of Reinforcement

a. Positivea. Positive

b. Avoidanceb. Avoidance

c. Extinctionc. Extinction

d. Punishmentd. Punishment

Content Motivation Theories

• Attempt to explain and predict behavior based on people’s needs

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

1: Hierarchy of Needs Theory

“Proposes that people are motivated through levels of needs which begin from a basic life sustaining needs and progress to life/work satisfaction and self actualization needs”

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Theory

Self Actualization

Needs

Esteem Needs

Physiological Needs

Social Needs

Safety Needs

Basic needs like food, clean water, education, shelter

Safety and security

Seeks growth, achievement and career development, personal development

People look for friends, love, acceptance and affection

Recognition, feeling of self confidence, and prestige

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

What Organizations Should do?

Physiological Needs Salary, breaks, and working conditions

Safety Needs Safe working conditions, salary increase, job security, fringe benefits

Social Needs opportunity to interact with others, to have friends, activities like parties, events, trips and sports

Esteem Needs Titles, independence, autonomy, merit based increase, recognition, challenging tasks, participation in decision making, career growth opportunity

Self Actualization Needs employment development, promotion, have more control, chance to be creative

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation

Motivator Factors Intrinsic (esteem and self actualization needs, growth needs,

work itself, recognition, increased responsibility, growth, advancement)

Satisfied or not satisfied

Maintenance (Hygiene) Factors Extrinsic (physiological, safety, and social needs, existence and

relatedness needs, pay, benefits, job security, working condition, company policy

Dissatisfied or not dissatisfied

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Acquired Needs Theory of Motivation?

“Proposes that people are motivated by their needs for achievement, power, and

affiliation”

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Motivation Theories

Process Motivation Theories

Focus on how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs

1: Equity Theory 2: Expectancy Theory 3: Goal Setting Theory

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Discussion Question

Question 1: How traits affect behavior?Question 1: How traits affect behavior?

Question 2: Do you agree with University of MichiganQuestion 2: Do you agree with University of Michiganmodel or with Ohio State model? model or with Ohio State model?

Question 3: In Leadership grid which point is ideal?Question 3: In Leadership grid which point is ideal?

Question 4: What is motivation, and why is it importantQuestion 4: What is motivation, and why is it importantto know how to motivate employees?to know how to motivate employees?

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Summary

University of Iowa leadership styles

University of Michigan University leadership models

Ohio State University leadership model and the leadership grid

Three Content motivation theories

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning