Nunan, D. Practical English Language Teaching; Chapter 3; Speaking
Chapter 3: Language
description
Transcript of Chapter 3: Language
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A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages (meaning) between individuals
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Made of Symbols Alphabet, numbers, gestures, verbal sounds
Is Rule Governed Semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, phonological
Meaning between individuals Is a process
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Meaning in people not words Change with time, place, and experience Denotative- dictionary meaning Connotative- subjective/personal
meanings
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Grammar, Accent
Labels Person’s Name Title
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Affiliation Jargon and Slang
Attraction and interest Joe and Jane or Jane and Joe
Responsibility I versus You messages You make me mad…I feel angry when…
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Linguistic determinism: Whorf-Sapir Hypothesis Reflects▪ Impact of the world on a culture▪ Eskimos/Snow
Shapes▪ Understanding of what is important to the
culture▪ Time, Family Relationships
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Used to spare one’s feelingsUsed to be politically correct
Reflects concerns of a particular group of people
Used to Manipulate feelings, level of responsibility; status
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Talk About: Music, Current Events, Sports, Business
Gossip about sports figures and media personalities
Conversation is a game; make it fun
Words: use swear words, interrupt more
Goal: Use language as a way to assert control Reach goals, solve problems, offer advice
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Talk About: Relationship problems, Family, Health,
Reproductive matters, Weight, food, Clothing Gossip About:
Close friends and family Conversation
is about feelings, relationships Words:
justifiers, intensive adverbs, talk less in mixed sex dyads
Goal: Use conversation to meet need for empathy Use Language to maintain Harmony