Chapter 3Health and Wellnes Benefits

Hypokinetic Disease:What is it and why do I need to know what it

means

Hypokinetic disease is a health problem or illness that is in part caused by a lack of regular physical activity (sedentary lifestyle)

What it means to you: As teens get older and quit playing

sports and extracurricular activities, the amount of time they spend in physical activity greatly reduces

As they become more sedentary, they become more likely to develop a hypokinetic condition

What are some examples of hypokinetic conditions

Leading causes of health threats

1. Heart disease-things such heart attack, heart valve problems, & heart failure

2. Cancer-various forms and stages of cancer exist

3. Stroke-form of heart disease but listed as separate health threat

Heart Disease (Cardiovascular Disease)

Heart disease has been the LEADING cause of death in the U.S. each year since 1920

It is a primary or partial cause of 60% of all deaths

Currently, 1 in 4 Americans has some form of heart disease

Causes of heart disease

Each reason someone could get heart disease is called a RISK FACTOR The more risk factors you have,

the more chance you have of getting a disease

Two types of risk factors: primary & secondary

Primary examples: sedentary lifestyle, smoking, high blood pressure, too much body fat & having diabetes

RISK FACTORS

Primary examples:

sedentary lifestyle

smoking

high blood pressure,

too much body fat

Diabetes

Secondary examples: stressful living & excessive alcohol use

Heart disease vocabulary

HEART ATTACK: occurs when blood supply into or within heart is reduced or cut off As a result, an area of the heart

muscle can die

ATHEROSCLEROSIS: clogging of the arteries Arteries are pipelines that carry

blood from the heart to all parts of the body

When arteries get clogged, the heart has to work harder to pump blood

Vocabulary Continued

Your heart beats & forces blood through arteries causing blood to push against artery walls This force of blood against artery

walls is BLOOD PRESSURE Two types of blood pressure

SYSTOLIC: pressure in your artery right after the heart beats (higher of 2 readings)

DIASTOLIC: pressure in artery just before the next beat of heart (lower of 2 readings)

BLOOD PRESSURE

Normal 1 2 3

Systolic < 120 140- 159

160- 179

180 +

Diastolic <80 90- 99

100- 109

110+

VOCABULARY

STROKE: occurs when oxygen in the blood supply to the brain is severely reduced or cut off Because a stroke damages the brain,

it can affect a person’s ability to move, think, and speak

HYPERTENSION: high blood pressure Regular physical activity is one way

to lower blood pressure Take blood pressure when relaxed

CANCER

More than 100 different disease characterized by the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

Cancer’s uncontrolled cells invade normal cells, steal their nutrition, and interfere with cells’ normal functions

Death rate from ALL forms of cancer is lower in active people than in inactive people

Some forms of cancer are considered hypokinetic (breast & colon cancer)

DIABETES

DIABETES: a person’s body cannot regulate sugar levels

Type 1 Diabetes Not a hypokinetic condition Often hereditary & accounts for 10% of

diabetes Insulin is used for treatment

Type 2 Diabetes Hypokinetic because people who are

active are less likely to have it Too much body fat is a risk factor Used to be called adult onset

diabetes

OBESITY

a condition in which a person has a high % of body fat

Often a result of inactivity

Since 1980, the % of obesity among teens has increased from 5% to 14%

OSTEOPOROSIS

The structure of the bones deteriorates and the bones become weak

Most common among older people, but can begin in youth

Those who exercise develop stronger bones than those who don’t

Important to do exercises that cause you to bear weight (walking, strength training)

Women are more likely to develop than men as a result of hormonal changes that can cause calcium absorption to become less efficient

Benefits of physical activity & wellness

Improved sense of well being and mental functioning

Healthy fat levels

Resistance to fatigue

Opportunity for social interaction

Ability to meet emergencies

Healthy body systems

Enjoy leisure activities

HYPERKINETIC CONDITIONS

Health problems caused by doing too much physical activity

Examples Overuse injuries Activity Neurosis Body image disorder Eating Disorders

OVERUSE INJURY

Ch. 2 taught us that these occur when you do so much physical activity that your bones, muscles, or other tissues are damaged

Examples Stress fractures Shinsplints blisters

ACTIVITY NEUROSIS

People are overly concerned about getting enough exercise and are upset if they miss a regular workout

They usually work out when sick or injured

Risk of getting cold or flu is reduced if you are a regular exerciser, but those who do EXCESSIVE exercise have increased risk of getting a cold or flu

Body image disorder

This disorder occurs when a person tries to achieve an ideal body by doing excessive exercise

Teenage boys with body image disorder will usually work out too much and use dangerous supplements such as steroids

Teenage girls strive for extreme thinness and their body image disorder can result in an eating disorder

EATING DISORDER

Results from an extreme desire to be abnormally thin

Often results in dangerous eating habits and excessive activity to expend calories for fat loss

Eating disorders that abuse exercise are considered hyperkinetic conditions

Two main types Anorexia Bulimia

HEALTHY BACK & GOOD POSTURE

25 million Americans per year seek a doctor for back related problems

Back pain is experienced by 80% of all adults at some point in their lives

Studies show that 1/3 of elementary school children experience back pain & teenagers have as many back problems as adults

BACK PROBLEMS

A backache is considered a hypokinetic condition because weak & short muscles are linked to some types of back problems

By building fit muscles to improve your posture, you can help reduce the risk of back pain

BACK PROBLEMS

Good fitness helps the back operate efficiently because your body parts are balanced like blocks on your legs Chest hangs from your spine & is

balanced over your pelvis Head sits on top of your spine,

balanced over other blocks Your spine is flexible & can move back

& forth; the pull of your muscles keeps your body parts balanced

If your muscles on 1 side are weak & long while muscles on opposite are strong & short your body parts are pulled off balance

LORDOSIS

Back problem that often occurs among teens

Definition: too much arch in the lower back

Also called swayback

Results when abdominal muscles are weak and hip flexor muscles are too strong & too short

Can lead to backache

Why are backaches so common?

Even people who are fit in other areas can lack fitness in muscles related to back problems

One reason is sports and games often UNDERDEVELOP some muscles and neglect others

It is not uncommon for school athletes to have back problems

POSTURE PROBLEMS

STRONG, LONG MUSCLES CONTRIBUTE TO GOOD POSTURE

PTOSIS: protruding abdomen

KYPHOSIS: rounded back and shoulders

Good posture Helps prevent back problems Helps you work & play efficiently

PRINCIPLES TO HELP IMPROVE POSTURE

Use the large muscles of the body when lifting –let strong leg muscles, not weak back muscles

When lifting, keep your weight (hips) low-squat with back straight & hips tucked

Divide a load to make it easier to carry

Avoid twisting while lifting

Push or pull heavy objects rather than lift

Avoid a bent-over position when sitting, standing, or lifting

Reducing Risk Factors

Be able to identify important risk factors

Take steps to change the risk factors that are in your control Physical activity Tobacco use

Take steps to change risk factors that are partially under your control Blood pressure

Learn about your family history Check to see what diseases your

parents & grandparents have had

DIABETES CONTINUED

Diabetes can cause: Damage to blood vessels, heart,

kidneys, and eyes Very high level of sugar can cause

coma and death