CHAPTER 3 Drafting a Paper. The Short Essay Essays have three parts Introduction Body Conclusion.
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Transcript of CHAPTER 3 Drafting a Paper. The Short Essay Essays have three parts Introduction Body Conclusion.
CHAPTER 3
Drafting a Paper
The Short Essay
Essays have three partsIntroductionBodyConclusion
Thesis Statement What the essay is about
Look at example on page 44
Paragraph Length
No set amount of sentences per paragraphUse short paragraphs to isolate a point;
therefore, stressing itType written page with four or more
paragraphs need rewrittenVary paragraph length
Paragraphs as miniature essays
Topic Sentence => thesis statementDeveloping Details => body Closing comment or sentence =>
conclusion
Paragraph Development
Developmental Paragraph (Important Term)Paragraph with a topic sentence and
developing details
5 kinds of Paragraph Development
Examples (47)support a generalization with concrete
information
Illustrations (47-48)
little story, narrative, or anecdote that embodies an idea
Details (48-49)
component parts that make up the wholeex: individual steps in a procedure
Reasons
answer the question whyreasons are acceptable and respectable if the
writer basis them on established fact, close observation and experience, or logical analysis
Mixed Material
Mix of details, reasons, examples, and illustrations
Paragraph Unity (51)
Unified Paragraph (Important Term)
Every sentence is about the topic sentence
Reread first two paragraphs under paragraph unity
Paragraph Coherence (51 – 52)
Coherent Paragraph (Important Term) Paragraph in which a clear pattern of thought emerges
Achieve Paragraph coherence in three ways: Appropriate ordering principle Providing transitions from one idea to another
Maintaining a consistent tone
Ordering Principles
Way to achieve coherence
Time
You can arrange material according to when it happens
past to presentearly to lateold to new
Space (Physical Space) [53]
Narrator stands in place and proceeds from a natural or logical order of progression
left to rightbottom to top
Importance (54)
Ideas arranged in ascending order of importance or value (least to most)
It is human nature to build towards a climax
Using Transitions (55)
Passing from one subject to another
Symbols, words, phrases can make a smooth passage
Some transitional words: First, next, then, finally
Consistency of Tone
Tone (Key Rhetorical Analysis Tool)
Tone DefinedThe author’s attitude towards his or her subject and audience
A Few Examples
FormalPersonalEmotionalJoking
To Maintain a Consistent Tone
Decide who is speaking => Point of View (116)
Omniscient- outside narrator (3rd Person) knowing everything that is happening
Limited- one character is used. Only know what that character knows, hears, and sees
First Person- narrator is a character in the writing
Objective or Dramatic- moving like a movie camera recording only what you can see or hear, never delving into anyone’s mind or heart
Consider whether the statement should be made in the present tense or past, the active or passive voice
Know what diction to use
Diction (A Very, Very Important Rhetorical Tool)
Word choice and language used (conflagration –vs- fire)
Reread Example on page 56
Getting Started
IntroductionHave a thesis statementDo not have to write the introduction first
Ways to start a paper
Allusion: reference to a person, work of art, event, or literature
Only effective if the audience knows itshort narrationstartling question, observation, or line of
dialogue
definition of a key termstriking contrastdirect statement