Chapter 3. Distillation
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Transcript of Chapter 3. Distillation
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CHNG CT DU M
Chng 3
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1. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh chng ct
S si ca dung dch
S si ca cht nguyn cht: Mt cht lng s si nhit m ti p sut hi bo ho ca n bng psut mi trng ln mt thong
Nhit si ca Butan
p sut, atm Nhit ,oC
1 0
3.41 36
4.80 50
S ph thuc nhit si theo p sut
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nh lut Konovalov:
1. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh chng ct
Thnh phn pha hi sinh ra khi un si mt dung dch
Khi si mt dung dch lng cho ra mt pha higiu cht d si hn so vi dung dch lng
h
A
l
AAAxPxPP ..
0
h
B
l
BBB xPxPP ..0
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Chng ct l qu trnh tch mt dung dch bng cch
un si n, ri ngng t hi bay ra c 2 phn:
Phn nh (distillat)Phn nng (redue)
1. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh chng ct
Nguyn l ca qu trnh chng ct
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Chng ct bay
hi dn dn
2. Csl thuyt chng ct du m
Chng ct n gin
Distilling flask
Connect theheating
mantel to arheostat
Clamp
Heatingmantle
Vacuumadapter
Thermometeradapter
3-Way adapter
Receiver
Condenser
Put ayellow
cliphere
Ringstand
Lab jack
Clamp
Thermometer
Waterout
Waterin
Put ayellowcliphere
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Chng ct bay
hi mt ln
2. Csl thuyt chng ct du m
Chng ct n gin
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Chng ct bay
hi nhiu ln
2. Csl thuyt chng ct du m
Chng ct n gin
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2. C s l thuyt chng ct du th
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Cu tochngthp
chng ctdng a
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C a chng ct
a nhiu l
a chpa ng khia van
2. C s l thuyt chng ct phc tp
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Cutomta
A L
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Cutomta
A CHP
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Cutomta
A VAN
1. C kh nng hot ng khong rng ch hot ng ca thp.2. Lp cht lng pha trn a n nh, hn ch hin tng ko theo lng ln
a pha trn lm nh hng n hiu qu qu trnh phn tch.3. Nng lng dng hi i qua van c s dng mt cch c hiu qu ci
thin qu trnh tip xc lng-hi.4. Tr lc cc b do cc van gy ra cho dng chy pha lng trn a khng
qu ln (thm ch khng cn ng k khi pha hi ch mc 20% thit k),v vy, m chnh b mt cht lng gia cc phn ca a c gimthiu. Nh c im ny m hiu qu lm vic ca cc vng trong ang u.
5. Vng cht rt t6. Kiu a ny c kt cu vng chc, nh v khng t.7. Thit k v vn hnh loi a ny n gin.
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Cutomta
A VAN
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Cutomta
A VAN
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Cutomta
A VAN T BIT(Ballast v Flexi )
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Mt s kiu phn b dng chy trong thp
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Mt s kiu phn b dng chy trong thp
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Mt s kiu ng chy truyn
A-ngchy truyn Hnh cong uB-ngchy truyn vi kt cu tm chy trn ring bit
C-ng chy truyn hnh cong khng uD-ng chy truyn hnh ng trn
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Mt s kiu ng chy truyn
E-ng chy truyn tm chn nghing F-ng chy truyn tm chn thng
G-ng chy truyn tm chn bc thang H-ng chy truyn c a bt kn
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Mt s kiu ng chy truyn
I-ng chy truyn c a thu gom cht lng ly ra ngoi J-ng chy truyn dng mng hp
K-ng chy truyn cnh t b phn thu gom cht lng L-ng chy truyn trung tm t b phn thu gom cht lng
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Mt s kiu ng chy truyn
Hnh nh mt s dng ng chy truyn v s b tr a
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Thp m
Nguyn l hot ng
Thp m hot ng datrn nguyn l bay hi vngng t lin tc ca cccu t dng lng thm ttrn b mt vt rn
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Thp m
m kim loi l sn xut theo ng knh thp Dng m tm li
Cu to chung v nguyn l hot ng ca lp m
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m ri
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C hi lu
2. C s l thuyt chng ct du m
Hi lu nng
Hi lu lnh
Hi lu vng
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C Stripping
2. C s l thuyt chng ct du m
i vi chng ct du th, dng trch
ngang lun c ln sn phm nh. loi b cc cu t nh ny, ngi ta thchin qu trnh ti ho hi ring phn cc
phn nh
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Qu trnh stripping
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Chng ct du th p sut kh quyn
Fraction Carbons BPC Uses
Gases 1 to 4 < 40 Fuel in refinery Bottled and sold asLPG
Napthas 5 to 10 25 175 Blended intopetrols Feedstock for
making chemicals
Kerosines 10 to 16 150 260 Aviation fuel
Light gas oils 14 to 50 235 360 Diesel fuelproduction
Heavy gas oils 20 to 70 330 380 Feedstock forcatalytic cracker
Lubricants > 60 340 575 Grease forlubrication
Fuel additives Feedstock forcatalytic cracker
Fuel oil > 70 > 490 Fuel oil (powerstations and ships)
Bitumen > 80 >580 Road and roofsurfaces
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S cng ngh phn xng chng ct du th p sut kh quyn vi mt thp chng ct chnh
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Chng ct du th p sut kh quyn
K-1- Thp bay hi trc; K-2- Thp chng ct kh quyn chnh; K-6, K-7, K-9- Thp bay hi; E-1, E-12,E-3- b hi lu; T-5, T-7, T-22, T-23- thit b ngng t bng khng kh; T-2, T-33, T-17, T-19, T-11- thitb trao i nhit du th- sn phm; T-5a, T-7a, T-22a, T-20- Thit b lm lnh; L-1l nung dng
ng; H-3, H-21- My bm..
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Thp K-1 Ngng cho php
Lu lng nguyn liu, m3/h 1.250Nhit , oC
- Du th vo thp 200- Dng hi lu 340
- nh thp theo cht lng ca phn on si u - 85oC
- y thp 240oC
p sut thp (trn), atm 6,0Chi ph hi, m3/h 90
Thp K-2
Nhit , oC
-Nguyn liu vo thp 360
+ Th I ti ca ra khi thp 170+ Th II ti ca ra khi thp 260
+ Th I ti ca vo thp 70
+ Th II ti ca vo thp 80
L nung
Nhit , oC
- Ti ca ra khi l 800- Kh khi trn vch ngn 800
- nh thp theo cht lng ca phn on si u - 85oC
- y thp 240oCp sut thp ( trn), atm 6,0
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4. Chng ct du th p sut chn khng
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S cng ngh qu trnh chng ct chn khng
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S nguyn l hot ng v cu to thp chng ct chn khng
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4. Chng ct du th p sut chn khng
K-10- Thp chn khng; T-35- thp ngng t; T-1, T-3, T-4, T-16, T-18, T-25, T-34- thit b trao i nhit ; T-25a- thit b ngng t bng khng kh; T-24, T-28, T-30, T-31- my
lnh; H-1-bm chn khng phun hi; H- my bm; E- b cha; L-3- l nung dng ng, B- b cha.
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Thng sCh ti
uNgng cho
php
Nhit,oC
- Mazut tica ra l L-3 400 420
- Vch ngn l L-3 700 450
- nh thp K-10 90 100
- y thp 345 350
- Hi qu nhit 420 440
p sutd trong thp K-10, mm Hg 60 50
p suthi vo my phun chn khng, atm 11,0 10,0
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S H thng ht chn khng vi thit b ngng t gin tip
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1-Thp chn khng;2- thit b ngng t;3- bm chn khng;
4- bm phun (ejecter)I- Mazut;II-gasoin nng;III- Gudron; IV- hi lu;V- kh khng ngng t ;VI- hi ;VII-phn ngng t ;VIII- nc
S to chn khng su