Chapter 3 Colonies Come of Age 1650 - 1765 Section 1 England & It’s Colonies Section 2...

Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Colonies Come of AgeColonies Come of Age

1650 - 17651650 - 1765Section 1 England & It’s ColoniesSection 1 England & It’s Colonies

Section 2 Agricultural SouthSection 2 Agricultural South

Section 3 Commercial NorthSection 3 Commercial North

Section 4 French & Indian WarSection 4 French & Indian War

Chapter 3 ObjectivesChapter 3 ObjectivesThe Colonies Come of AgeThe Colonies Come of Age

Learn about and analyze the key factors Learn about and analyze the key factors that would strain the relationship between that would strain the relationship between England & its ColoniesEngland & its Colonies

Among the key factors: Among the key factors: Economic Economic Social / Human RightsSocial / Human RightsPolitical GrowthPolitical GrowthThe Power of IdeasThe Power of Ideas

Chapter 3 Key DatesChapter 3 Key DatesThe Colonies Come of AgeThe Colonies Come of Age

1651 Parliament passes first Navigation Acts1651 Parliament passes first Navigation Acts

1660 English Monarchy re-established with return of Charles II1660 English Monarchy re-established with return of Charles II

1686 James II creates Dominion of New England1686 James II creates Dominion of New England

1688 Glorious Revolution establishes Parliament as supreme over 1688 Glorious Revolution establishes Parliament as supreme over MonarchyMonarchy

1710 Act of Union unites England, Scotland, Wales1710 Act of Union unites England, Scotland, Wales

1733 Benjamin Franklin publishes Poor Richard’s Almanac1733 Benjamin Franklin publishes Poor Richard’s Almanac

1754 French & Indian War begins1754 French & Indian War begins

1763 Treaty of Paris Ends French & Indian War1763 Treaty of Paris Ends French & Indian War

Chapter 3 Section 1Chapter 3 Section 1 England & Its ColoniesEngland & Its Colonies

Key TermsKey TermsMercantilismMercantilismParliamentParliamentNavigation ActsNavigation ActsDominion of EnglandDominion of EnglandSir Edmund AndrosSir Edmund AndrosGlorious RevolutionGlorious RevolutionSalutary NeglectSalutary Neglect


1.1. Tighten England’s control over trade; Tighten England’s control over trade; protect against competition; increase protect against competition; increase England’s wealthEngland’s wealth

2.2. Increased England’s wealth by Increased England’s wealth by creating & protecting jobs for English creating & protecting jobs for English citizens; protected English access to citizens; protected English access to certain goodscertain goods


3. 3. Spurred boom in the ship-building Spurred boom in the ship-building industry; England support colonial industry; England support colonial industryindustry

4. Restricted Trade4. Restricted Trade5. Unpopularity of King James II 5. Unpopularity of King James II

(Catholicism); head off another (Catholicism); head off another Catholic kingCatholic king

6. Establishment of Parliament’s Power 6. Establishment of Parliament’s Power over the Crownover the Crown


7. 7. Restoration of colonies original Restoration of colonies original charter; requirements for more charter; requirements for more religious freedom in Massachusettesreligious freedom in Massachusettes;;

SALUTORY NEGLECTSALUTORY NEGLECT

Chapter 3 Section 1Chapter 3 Section 1 Economic Activities Economic Activities PAGE 67PAGE 67

New England New England

coloniescolonies

www.nps.gov/.../aah/AAheritage/histContextsD.htm


New England coloniesNew England colonies Massachusetts.........shipbuilding, Massachusetts.........shipbuilding,

shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, meat shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, meat productsproducts

New Hampshire ........ship masts, New Hampshire ........ship masts, lumber, fishing, trade, shipping, lumber, fishing, trade, shipping, livestock, foodstuffslivestock, foodstuffs

Connecticut ..............rum, iron Connecticut ..............rum, iron foundries, shipbuilding,foundries, shipbuilding,

Rhode Island ............snuff, livestockRhode Island ............snuff, livestock


Middle coloniesMiddle colonies

go.hrw.com/venus_images/M03a02.gif


Middle coloniesMiddle colonies New York ..................furs, wheat, New York ..................furs, wheat,

glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, shipbuilding, rum, beer, snuffshipbuilding, rum, beer, snuff

Delaware..................trade, foodstuffsDelaware..................trade, foodstuffs New Jersey...............trade, foodstuffs, New Jersey...............trade, foodstuffs,

coppercopper Pennsylvania ............flax, shipbuildingPennsylvania ............flax, shipbuilding


Southern coloniesSouthern coloniesVirginia....tobacco, wheat, cattle, Virginia....tobacco, wheat, cattle,

ironironMaryland.......tobacco, wheat, snuffMaryland.......tobacco, wheat, snuffNorth Carolina .naval supplies, North Carolina .naval supplies,

tobacco, furstobacco, fursSouth Carolina..........rice, indigo, South Carolina..........rice, indigo,

silksilkGeorgia ..indigo, rice, naval Georgia ..indigo, rice, naval

supplies, lumbersupplies, lumber

Chapter 3 Section 1Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its ColoniesEngland & Its Colonies

MercantilismMercantilismBritish felt the colonies should enrich Britain British felt the colonies should enrich Britain

because the ultimate goal was for a country to because the ultimate goal was for a country to become self-sustaining.become self-sustaining.

Balance of TradeBalance of TradeCountry wants sell more goods than it buys Country wants sell more goods than it buys

(more money coming in)(more money coming in)Colonies supplied raw materials; Colonies Colonies supplied raw materials; Colonies

bought finished goods from Britainbought finished goods from Britain


Navigation ActsNavigation Acts (1651) British Rationale (1651) British Rationale Colonial businesses were selling raw materials Colonial businesses were selling raw materials

directly to competing countries.directly to competing countries. British felt that this type of trade was an economic British felt that this type of trade was an economic

threat (the other countries would take the raw threat (the other countries would take the raw materials and produce the same goods to sell)materials and produce the same goods to sell)

RulesRules All goods had to be shipped via English shipsAll goods had to be shipped via English ships Ship’s crew must be ¾ EnglishShip’s crew must be ¾ English Certain products could only be exported to EnglandCertain products could only be exported to England Most goods had to pass through English seaportsMost goods had to pass through English seaports


Navigation ActsNavigation Acts (cont’d) (cont’d) Some Colonial businesses ignored the rules – Some Colonial businesses ignored the rules –

smuggling & illegal trading smuggling & illegal trading were common.were common. For the most part England ignored these activities ….. For the most part England ignored these activities …..

UntilUntil King Charles II decided to take action & indentified King Charles II decided to take action & indentified

Massachusetts merchants as the biggest offendersMassachusetts merchants as the biggest offenders The Merchants (predominantly Puritans) felt they did The Merchants (predominantly Puritans) felt they did

not have to obey Parliament’s lawsnot have to obey Parliament’s laws England England revokesrevokes Massachusetts Charter & places the Massachusetts Charter & places the

colony under the direct authority of the kingcolony under the direct authority of the king


Navigation ActsNavigation Acts (cont’d) (cont’d)

King Charles IIKing Charles II

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England

Chapter 3 Section 1 Chapter 3 Section 1 England & Its ColoniesEngland & Its Colonies

Dominion of New EnglandDominion of New EnglandThe King James II places The King James II places all Northern all Northern

Colonies into a single entity – the DominionColonies into a single entity – the DominionAppoints Appoints Sir Edmund AndrosSir Edmund Andros to rule it to rule it

He tells colonists “You have no privileges left you, He tells colonists “You have no privileges left you, than not being sold for slaves”than not being sold for slaves”

Questions the legitimacy of Puritan’s religionQuestions the legitimacy of Puritan’s religion

Colonists want Andros gone & their old Colonists want Andros gone & their old charter restoredcharter restored

Chapter 3 Section 1 Chapter 3 Section 1 England & Its ColoniesEngland & Its Colonies

Dominion of New EnglandDominion of New EnglandSir Edmund AndrosSir Edmund Andros

http://www.yorktownsquare.com/img/040908-sub-Gov-Sir-Edmund-Andros.jpg


Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution – – England England The King James IIThe King James II

Is Catholic & not of fan of ProtestantismIs Catholic & not of fan of ProtestantismAlso not a fan of ParliamentAlso not a fan of Parliament

Most subjects are Protestant AND like Most subjects are Protestant AND like ParliamentParliamentKings like him were the reason the people created Kings like him were the reason the people created

this bodythis body


Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution – – England England When James II fathers an heir to the throwWhen James II fathers an heir to the throw

Parliament invites James II son-in-law, William of Parliament invites James II son-in-law, William of Orange, to England to take overOrange, to England to take over

James II takes off & William is offered/accepts the James II takes off & William is offered/accepts the ThroneThrone

Parliament passes laws of its power over the Parliament passes laws of its power over the crowncrown


Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution – – England England William of OrangeWilliam of Orange


Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution – – Colonies Colonies Massachusetts colonists find out about King Massachusetts colonists find out about King

James II DepartureJames II DepartureBloodless RebellionBloodless RebellionArrest Andros & his councilorsArrest Andros & his councilorsParliament eliminate Dominion & re-Parliament eliminate Dominion & re-

establishes coloniesestablishes colonies


Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution – – Colonies Colonies However Parliament Makes rules for However Parliament Makes rules for

MassachusettsMassachusettsKing appoints the governorKing appoints the governorMore non-Puritan representation in colonial More non-Puritan representation in colonial

assemblyassemblyPuritans must cease persecuting Anglicans, Puritans must cease persecuting Anglicans,

Quakers.Quakers.


England Loosens Up on Colonies England Loosens Up on Colonies England is focused on FranceEngland is focused on France

Battling for control of EuropeBattling for control of Europe

England adds more teeth to the Navigation England adds more teeth to the Navigation ActsActsTrials of Smugglers moved from colonial courts to Trials of Smugglers moved from colonial courts to

admiralty courts / English judgesadmiralty courts / English judgesCreated an advisory group known as the Board of Created an advisory group known as the Board of

Trade granting power to monitor colonial tradeTrade granting power to monitor colonial trade


England Loosens Up on Colonies England Loosens Up on Colonies However, as long as colonies continued to However, as long as colonies continued to

export raw materials to England & import export raw materials to England & import manufactured goods from England – manufactured goods from England – measures were not strictly enforced = measures were not strictly enforced = Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect

Chapter 3 Section 2Chapter 3 Section 2 The Agricultural SouthThe Agricultural South

HOMEWORKHOMEWORK

Cash CropCash CropSlaveSlaveTriangular TradeTriangular TradeMiddle PassageMiddle PassageStono RebellionStono Rebellion


PLANTATIONPLANTATION ECONOMY ECONOMYThe South’s economy depended heavily The South’s economy depended heavily

on Agricultureon AgricultureTobacco from Maryland, Virginia, North CarolinaTobacco from Maryland, Virginia, North CarolinaRice, Indigo from South Carolina & GeorgiaRice, Indigo from South Carolina & Georgia

Focus on a single type of crop to be Focus on a single type of crop to be SOLD for money rather than consumed SOLD for money rather than consumed by the “planters” – by the “planters” – CASH CROPCASH CROP


PLANTATIONPLANTATION ECONOMY ECONOMYThis type of farming required lots of This type of farming required lots of landland - -

preferably located on deep rivers to allow ocean preferably located on deep rivers to allow ocean going vessels to ship directly to Northern going vessels to ship directly to Northern Colonies and EuropeColonies and Europe

Plantation owners produced what they needed Plantation owners produced what they needed from the plantation so know need for from the plantation so know need for independent commerce e.g., shops, bakeries, independent commerce e.g., shops, bakeries, storesstores

RURAL & SELF SUFFICIENTRURAL & SELF SUFFICIENT


Diverse PopulationDiverse Population Immigration Patterns Germans, settle in Immigration Patterns Germans, settle in

Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina - raise Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina - raise Grain, Livestock & Tobacco; Scots & Scots-Grain, Livestock & Tobacco; Scots & Scots-Irish mainly in hills of Western North CarolinaIrish mainly in hills of Western North Carolina

Women Women Second Class citizens, Basic, limited education. Second Class citizens, Basic, limited education.

Mostly focused on domestic choresMostly focused on domestic choresPlanters daughters were spared household chores Planters daughters were spared household chores

because servants handled thesebecause servants handled these


Diverse PopulationDiverse Population

Small farmersSmall farmers majority of population majority of populationPlanters controlled economy & had great Planters controlled economy & had great

Prosperity - 1713 to 1774 Tobacco prices Prosperity - 1713 to 1774 Tobacco prices tripletriple


Diverse PopulationDiverse Population Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants

Traded their labor in exchange for passage to Traded their labor in exchange for passage to colonies and future freedomcolonies and future freedom

Estimates indicate that One-half to Two-Thirds of Estimates indicate that One-half to Two-Thirds of all white immigrants after 1630 were Indentured all white immigrants after 1630 were Indentured ServantsServants

Because of the harsh conditions, the influx of Because of the harsh conditions, the influx of Indentured Servants dissipated, creating a need Indentured Servants dissipated, creating a need for alternative Labor resourcesfor alternative Labor resources


SlaverySlaveryEuropeans had a long tradition forced labor Europeans had a long tradition forced labor

e.g., serfs, indentured servants, servantse.g., serfs, indentured servants, servants

When demand for labor outstripped supply When demand for labor outstripped supply the Planters turned to enslaving African the Planters turned to enslaving African peoples. peoples.

By 1750 more than 200,000 Africans were By 1750 more than 200,000 Africans were forced to work in the Southern Coloniesforced to work in the Southern Colonies


Africans had been enslaved to work on sugar Africans had been enslaved to work on sugar Plantations in Barbados & Jamaica in the 1600s Plantations in Barbados & Jamaica in the 1600s (almost 60,000 by 1690)(almost 60,000 by 1690)

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade Rum & Other goods ship from New England to Rum & Other goods ship from New England to

AfricaAfrica This merchandise is traded for slaves, who are This merchandise is traded for slaves, who are

brought to the West Indies & sold to the Planters brought to the West Indies & sold to the Planters for sugar & molassesfor sugar & molasses

New England distills the sugar and molasses into New England distills the sugar and molasses into Rum & ships it to AfricaRum & ships it to Africa


European Slave TradeEuropean Slave Trade

Middle PassageMiddle Passage was the segment of the was the segment of the Triangular Trade that brought the slaves from Triangular Trade that brought the slaves from Africa to the West Indies/North AmericaAfrica to the West Indies/North America

Slavery in the South Slavery in the South 80-90 percent of slaves brought to the 80-90 percent of slaves brought to the

colonies worked in the fieldscolonies worked in the fieldsThe remaining slaves worked as The remaining slaves worked as

domestics or artisansdomestics or artisans


Africans in the ColoniesAfricans in the ColoniesWere pulled from different areas of Africa but Were pulled from different areas of Africa but

despite the diversity despite the diversity

The strong culture of “Kinship” was a driving The strong culture of “Kinship” was a driving force that enabled other slaves to help force that enabled other slaves to help preserve some semblance of familypreserve some semblance of family

The long-developed sense for nature and The long-developed sense for nature and respect for ancestry helped the slaves respect for ancestry helped the slaves preserve key activities such as storytelling, preserve key activities such as storytelling, music, and dancemusic, and dance


Africans in the ColoniesAfricans in the Colonies Resistance & RevoltResistance & Revolt

Many slaves did resist their condition (slowdowns, faked Many slaves did resist their condition (slowdowns, faked illness)illness)

Others resorted to outright rebellion and escape attemptsOthers resorted to outright rebellion and escape attempts

Stono Rebellion – 20 armed slaves revolted, killing a Stono Rebellion – 20 armed slaves revolted, killing a number of Planter families; invited other slaves to join number of Planter families; invited other slaves to join them and escape to Floridathem and escape to FloridaThe revolt was put down with the slaves dying The revolt was put down with the slaves dying

during the clash or were subsequently executedduring the clash or were subsequently executed

Chapter 3 Section 3Chapter 3 Section 3 The Commercial NorthThe Commercial North

Key TermsKey Terms

EnlightenmentEnlightenmentBenjamin FranklinBenjamin FranklinJonathan EdwardsJonathan EdwardsGreat AwakeningGreat Awakening


Commerce Grows in the NorthCommerce Grows in the North ““The North” includes New England & Middle The North” includes New England & Middle

ColoniesColonies

Mercantilism - contributed to economic growth Mercantilism - contributed to economic growth in both England and the coloniesin both England and the colonies1650 to 1750 Colonies’ economy grew twice as 1650 to 1750 Colonies’ economy grew twice as

fast as fast as England’s economyfast as fast as England’s economy


Commerce Grows in the NorthCommerce Grows in the NorthDevelopment of Urban CentersDevelopment of Urban Centers

As Trade increases Port Cities GrowAs Trade increases Port Cities Grow New York, Boston, Philadelphia as significant portsNew York, Boston, Philadelphia as significant ports

Philadelphia becomes the 2Philadelphia becomes the 2ndnd largest city in largest city in the British Empirethe British EmpireGrid plan drawn from Wren’s rebuilding plan for Grid plan drawn from Wren’s rebuilding plan for

London (after Great Fire of 1666)London (after Great Fire of 1666)Parks, Police, Street Lighting Parks, Police, Street Lighting Lack of firewood, clean water, sanitation systemsLack of firewood, clean water, sanitation systems


Commerce Grows in the NorthCommerce Grows in the North Immigrants start arriving from other countriesImmigrants start arriving from other countries

In 1700 English/Welsh dominated Colonial In 1700 English/Welsh dominated Colonial Immigrant Population (80%)Immigrant Population (80%)

By 1755 the % of English/Welsh immigrants made By 1755 the % of English/Welsh immigrants made up on 52%up on 52%

Africans slave made up 20%Africans slave made up 20% Scots-Irish, Scottish, Irish & Dutch another 26%Scots-Irish, Scottish, Irish & Dutch another 26% Other ethnic groups included Scandinavians, JewsOther ethnic groups included Scandinavians, Jews


Ben Franklin’s ComplaintBen Franklin’s Complaint ““Why should the Germans be suffered to Why should the Germans be suffered to

swarm into our Settlements and, by herding swarm into our Settlements and, by herding together establish their Language and together establish their Language and Manners to the Exclusion of ours? Why Manners to the Exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them?”of our Anglifying them?”


HomeworkHomework

EnlightenmentEnlightenmentBenjamin FranklinBenjamin FranklinJonathan EdwardsJonathan EdwardsGreat AwakeningGreat Awakening


Commerce Grows in the NorthCommerce Grows in the NorthSlavery in the NorthSlavery in the North

Did exist in New England & was Extensive Did exist in New England & was Extensive in the Middle Coloniesin the Middle Colonies

Unlike the South, slaves in the north did Unlike the South, slaves in the north did have some legal standinghave some legal standing

Could sue & be suedCould sue & be suedRight of appeal / use of court systemRight of appeal / use of court system


Commerce Grows in the NorthCommerce Grows in the NorthSlavery in the NORTHSlavery in the NORTH

Harsh conditions as in SouthHarsh conditions as in SouthLaws forbade them from owning weapons and Laws forbade them from owning weapons and

getting togethergetting togetherRebellions Rebellions

1712 New York 21 executed1712 New York 21 executed1741 fear of a potential uprising – leads to 1741 fear of a potential uprising – leads to

burning alive of 13 slaves & hanging of 18 burning alive of 13 slaves & hanging of 18 other slavesother slaves


Women In Northern SocietyWomen In Northern SocietyNorthern Colonial WivesNorthern Colonial Wives

Lots of workLots of workNo legal rightsNo legal rights

No voteNo vote Could not enter into contractsCould not enter into contracts Could not buy or sell propertyCould not buy or sell property Could not keep their own wages (if they worked outside Could not keep their own wages (if they worked outside

home)home)

Only single women/ widows could run their Only single women/ widows could run their own businessown business


Salem Witch Trials – Feb 1692Salem Witch Trials – Feb 1692Environment of Fear due toEnvironment of Fear due to

Strict limits on womenStrict limits on womenFear of Native American attackFear of Native American attackRELIGIOUS FANATICISMRELIGIOUS FANATICISM

False accusations False accusations 19 Hanged19 Hanged01 Crushed to Death01 Crushed to Death150 Imprisoned150 Imprisoned


New Ideas Influence the ColonistsNew Ideas Influence the ColonistsThe Enlightenment & ReligionThe Enlightenment & Religion

Beginning around the Renaissance period, Beginning around the Renaissance period, humans began to look beyond religious tenets to humans began to look beyond religious tenets to answer questions about the workings of the worldanswer questions about the workings of the world

Individuals moved from belief in spiritual prescripts Individuals moved from belief in spiritual prescripts to scientific research & methodologiesto scientific research & methodologies

As humans began to find that mathematical logic As humans began to find that mathematical logic could be used to address many of the physical could be used to address many of the physical wonders of the universe – the authoritarian wonders of the universe – the authoritarian position of the church and religion weakened position of the church and religion weakened


New Ideas Influence the ColonistsNew Ideas Influence the ColonistsThe Enlightenment & Authoritarian Govt’sThe Enlightenment & Authoritarian Govt’s

As with religion, some European & Colonial figures As with religion, some European & Colonial figures began to reflect upon the rights of an individualbegan to reflect upon the rights of an individual

This concept challenged the current notion that a This concept challenged the current notion that a ruling class/government did not have the authority ruling class/government did not have the authority to deny its people what are considered to be to deny its people what are considered to be natural rights natural rights


New Ideas Influence the ColonistsNew Ideas Influence the ColonistsThe Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening

Puritans losing control of their regionPuritans losing control of their region Remember Charter of 1691 that demanded toleranceRemember Charter of 1691 that demanded tolerance Membership decreasingMembership decreasing People are focused on the Material World not the Here-AfterPeople are focused on the Material World not the Here-After

Two approaches are taken to try to retain/grow membershipTwo approaches are taken to try to retain/grow membership ““Old Lights” rely upon authoritarian meansOld Lights” rely upon authoritarian means ““New Lights” travel the colonies & use revival meetings to New Lights” travel the colonies & use revival meetings to

convert / attract membersconvert / attract members New Denominations – e.g., Baptists, MethodistsNew Denominations – e.g., Baptists, Methodists


New Ideas Influence the ColonistsNew Ideas Influence the ColonistsEnlightenment stressed human rights & Enlightenment stressed human rights &

reasoningreasoningThe Great Awakening stressed the The Great Awakening stressed the

importance of the individual & de-emphasized importance of the individual & de-emphasized the role of church authoritythe role of church authority

Chapter 3 Section 4Chapter 3 Section 4 The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War

Rivals For an Empire Rivals For an Empire Frenchman Jacque Cartier explores St. Frenchman Jacque Cartier explores St.

Lawrence seaway (1534)Lawrence seaway (1534)Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec (1608)Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec (1608)French traders head deep into the continentFrench traders head deep into the continentRobert Cavalier claims Mississippi Valley for Robert Cavalier claims Mississippi Valley for

France (1682) naming it LouisianaFrance (1682) naming it LouisianaPopulation of New France in 1754 is 70,000Population of New France in 1754 is 70,000

Population of British Colonies is (1,000,000)Population of British Colonies is (1,000,000)


Rivals For an Empire Rivals For an Empire French colonists consisted primarily of Fur French colonists consisted primarily of Fur

Traders and Catholic PriestsTraders and Catholic PriestsThe Traders were interested in commerceThe Traders were interested in commerceThe Priests were interested in convertsThe Priests were interested in converts

French colonists had better relationship French colonists had better relationship Indians Indians The Indians trapped for furs and then traded them The Indians trapped for furs and then traded them

to the French for goodsto the French for goodsUnlike the English, the French Colonists weren’t Unlike the English, the French Colonists weren’t

squeezing the Indians out of their lands squeezing the Indians out of their lands


Britain Defeats an Old Enemy Britain Defeats an Old Enemy France & Britain fought 2 wars over the past France & Britain fought 2 wars over the past

50 years – inconclusive50 years – inconclusiveFrance builds Ft. Duquesne (Pittsburgh)France builds Ft. Duquesne (Pittsburgh)Problem is Gov of Virginia had given 200,000 Problem is Gov of Virginia had given 200,000

acres of land to wealthy plantersacres of land to wealthy plantersGeorge Washington (22) builds Ft. Necessity George Washington (22) builds Ft. Necessity

about 40 miles from Duquesneabout 40 miles from DuquesneGW attacks Duquesne in May 1754 but losesGW attacks Duquesne in May 1754 but loses


Britain Defeats an Old Enemy Britain Defeats an Old Enemy British, led by General Braddock attack Ft. British, led by General Braddock attack Ft.

Duquesne againDuquesne againFrench/Native Americans use guerilla tactics French/Native Americans use guerilla tactics

versus the British form of combat – lining up in versus the British form of combat – lining up in rows and marching directly at the enemy. rows and marching directly at the enemy. British fleeBritish flee

Washington gets first-hand view of British Washington gets first-hand view of British military might & is not impressedmilitary might & is not impressed

Brits continue to lose throughout 1755 & 1756Brits continue to lose throughout 1755 & 1756


Britain Defeats an Old Enemy Britain Defeats an Old Enemy William Pitt takes over the reignsWilliam Pitt takes over the reigns

Demands more government fundingDemands more government fundingHires new generalsHires new generalsPossesses military savvyPossesses military savvy

Iroquois Nation at odds with French, Huron Iroquois Nation at odds with French, Huron and Algonquin tribesand Algonquin tribes

When Pitt-led army starts winning, the When Pitt-led army starts winning, the Iroquois join forces with BritishIroquois join forces with British


Deciding BattleDeciding BattleSeptember 1759September 1759Plains of Abraham outside QuebecPlains of Abraham outside QuebecGeneral James Wolfe leads British on night-General James Wolfe leads British on night-

time attack surprising & defeats French time attack surprising & defeats French General Montcalm & French TroopsGeneral Montcalm & French Troops

This British victory led to the end of the war This British victory led to the end of the war and the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763and the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763


Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763Britain gets all of NORTH AMERICA east of Britain gets all of NORTH AMERICA east of

the Mississippithe Mississippi Including Florida from Spain (who was French Including Florida from Spain (who was French

ally)ally)Spain get French land west of the Mississippi Spain get French land west of the Mississippi

including New Orleansincluding New OrleansFrance keeps a few islands near West Indies France keeps a few islands near West Indies

and Newfoundland and Newfoundland


Victory Brings New ProblemsVictory Brings New Problems Native Americans recognize that British Colonial Native Americans recognize that British Colonial

expansion into their land bodes very poorly for the expansion into their land bodes very poorly for the futurefuture

Pontiac determines that British authorities will do nothing to Pontiac determines that British authorities will do nothing to help – leads attack on British forts & captures 8 of themhelp – leads attack on British forts & captures 8 of them

British use germ warfare by giving small-pox infected British use germ warfare by giving small-pox infected blankets to two Delaware chiefs during peace negotiations. blankets to two Delaware chiefs during peace negotiations. Disease spreads rapidlyDisease spreads rapidly

Most Native American Groups sign Peace Treaties by Most Native American Groups sign Peace Treaties by 17651765


Victory Brings New ProblemsVictory Brings New ProblemsProclamation of 1763 is signed between Proclamation of 1763 is signed between

British and Native Americans. British and Native Americans. It banned colonists from settling WEST of the It banned colonists from settling WEST of the

AppalachiansAppalachiansProclamation LineProclamation Line

British could not enforce it so colonists kept British could not enforce it so colonists kept moving Westmoving West


Colonies & Britain Grow ApartColonies & Britain Grow Apart British Policies anger the coloniesBritish Policies anger the colonies

Proclamation Line prohibits Colonists from expandingProclamation Line prohibits Colonists from expanding British incurred heavy debt from war and need revenueBritish incurred heavy debt from war and need revenue

Crackdown on smuggling – Writs of Assistance allowed British Crackdown on smuggling – Writs of Assistance allowed British officials to search merchant ships & building (including homes)officials to search merchant ships & building (including homes)

King George III appoints George Grenville to help solve British King George III appoints George Grenville to help solve British financial woesfinancial woes

Sugar Tax 1764Sugar Tax 1764 Cut tax on molasses by one-half in hopes merchants would pay Cut tax on molasses by one-half in hopes merchants would pay

the lower tax rather than risk getting caught for smugglingthe lower tax rather than risk getting caught for smuggling Placed duties on certain importsPlaced duties on certain imports Strenghthened the law allowing prosecutors to try smugglers in Strenghthened the law allowing prosecutors to try smugglers in

vice-admiralty courts rather than colonial courtsvice-admiralty courts rather than colonial courts

Chapter 3 Colonies Come of Age 1650 - 1765 Section 1 England & It’s Colonies Section 2...

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