Chapter 3 Colonial America1587-1770

Section 4 Southern Colonies

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

If you were given the responsibility of writing a constitution for a new state, which of the following would be the most important to include?

A. A bill of rights

B. Responsibilities of the government

C. A plan for the division of land

D. A clear process on how to amend the constitution A B C D

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How and why did the Southern Colonies grow?

In the South• White males controlled most property• Plantations (Big Farms) became

important to economic growth• More plantation increased the need

for workers• English criminals and prisoners of

war were sent to work• They could buy their release by

working for a period of time (Usually 7 years)

• African rulers sold their prisoners of war to European slave traders

• Enslaved prisoners were taken to the colonies

• Many people came as indentured indentured servantsservants

• They agreed to work without pay for a set about of time for passage to America

Establishing Maryland• Founded by Sir George Sir George

Calvert, Lord BaltimoreCalvert, Lord Baltimore• For a safe place for Catholics

persecuted in England• Proprietary colony north of

Virginia• Calvert died and his son

Cecilius named it Maryland• Two of his brothers began to

run it in 1634• Large estatesestates, or pieces of

land, were given to English aristocrats

• Many plantations came about and needed labor

• Indentured servants and enslaved Africans were imported

Maryland Boundaries• Calvert and Penn

families argued over boundary

• In the 1760’s they hired Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundaries

• Also put up a line of stones bearing the Penn and Calvert crests

• The Mason-Dixon line

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

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The Mason-Dixon line separates which two states?

A. New Jersey and Pennsylvania

B. New York and Pennsylvania

C. Maryland and Pennsylvania

D. Delaware and Pennsylvania

Another Conflict in Maryland• Harder to resolve• Protestants and Catholics

were welcomed• There were more Protestants• To protect the Catholics, the

Act of Tolerance was passed in 1649

• Granted the right to worship freely

• Tensions continued• 1692- the Protestant

controlled assembly made the Anglican church the official church in Maryland

• Catholics faced the same restrictions they had in England

Virginia• Settlers continued into Virginia• Took Native American land• Virginia Governor William

Berkeley made a pledge to Native Americans

• In exchange for a piece of land, he agreed to keep settlers from pushing into their territory

• Nathaniel Bacon, a planter, (along with others) resented the pledge to the Native Americans

• Some settled in these forbidden areas and then blamed the government for not protecting them

Bacon Rebellion• 1676- Bacon led attacks on

Native American villages• Marched to Jamestown and put

Berkeley into exile• Bacon’s sudden death kept him

from governing Virginia• England recalled Berkeley and

sent troops to restore order• Showed that settlers would not

be limited to the coast• The colonial government

formed a militia to control Native Americans

• Also opened up more land for settlement

The Carolinas• 1663- proprietary colony

south of Virginia called Carolina

• King gave land to 8 nobles• Nobles rented land to

settlers from England• John Locke, and English

philosopher, wrote a constitution constitution for Carolina

• A plan of government• Contained land divisions

and social ranking

Northern and Southern Carolina• Farmers from inland

Virginia settled northern Carolina

• They grew tobacco• Sold timber and tar• Did not have good

harbor so they used Virginia’s ports for trade

• Southern Carolina prospered from fertile farmland and the harbor at Charles Town (Charleston)

• Settlements spread, and trade in deerskin, lumber, and beef thrived

Carolina’s Crops• Two crops dominated• Rice grew well in the

wet coastal lowlands• Rice required much

labor, so the demand for slave labor rose

• Another crop was developed in the 1740s

• Indigo by Eliza Lucas• Used to dye textiles• 1729- Carolina became

North Carolina and South Carolina

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

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Which two crops came to dominate Carolina agriculture?

A. Tobacco and corn

B. Rice and indigo

C. Maize and squash

D. Oranges and strawberries

Georgia• Founded in 1733 by James James

OglethorpeOglethorpe• Last British colony in

America• Place for debtors and poor

people could make a fresh start

• In Britain, debtorsdebtors- those who were not able to repay debts- were imprisoned

• Georgia was supposed to protect the other colonies from the Spanish in Florida

• Savannah, Georgia was set up as barrier against Spanish expansion

• Few debtors came instead, hundreds of poor people arrived from Britain

• Religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of Jews arrived

Georgia Settlers• Complained about

Oglethorpe’s rules• Especially the limits

on landholding• Also the bans on

slave labor and rum• Oglethorpe agreed to

their demands• The colony grew slow

and Oglethorpe turned Georgia back over to the king

France in North America• The French built Quebec in

1608• France wanted fishing and

trapping animals for fur• 1663 New France became a

royal colony• Louis JolietLouis Joliet and Jacques Jacques

MarquetteMarquette explored the Mississippi River

• Looking for a water route to the Pacific (Northwest Passage)

• Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Sallede La Salle followed the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico

• La Salle claimed area for France

• Called area Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV

• 1718- port of New Orleans was founded

Growth of New France• Advanced slowly• Estates along the St.

Lawrence River• Estate holders received

land in return for bringing settlers

• Known as tenant tenant farmersfarmers, the settlers paid their lord an annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year

France and Native Americans

• Had a good relationship with Native Americans

• French trappers and traders went deep into Indian lands

• Lived in Indian villages• Learned their language• Married Indian women• Respected their ways• Tried to convert the Native

Americans for Catholicism• They did not try to change their

customs• Did not push Indians off their

lands

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

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Who had better relations with the Native Americans than any other Europeans?

A. English

B. French

C. Spanish

D. Dutch

Spanish in North America• Controlled most of Mexico, the

Caribbean, and Central and South America

• Also the western and southern parts of the present-day United States

• The Spanish wanted to protect its area and built many cities to protect it

• Spanish priests built a string of missions along the Pacific coast

• MissionsMissions are religious settlements established to convert people to a faith

• The missions helped the Spanish claim California

• On the missions they often forced Native Americans to work

• Later Junipero Serra supported Native American rights on these missions

European Conflicts• Rivalries between

European nations carried over into the Americas

• France and Britain were expanding their North American settlements

• Fought several wars in the early 1700s

• Fights in Europe often followed to North America

How and why did the Southern Colonies grow?

Maryland: established as a safe place for Catholics; land granted to English aristocrats and other settlers; enslaved Africans and indentured servants imported to work on plantations

Virginia: settlers pushed west into Native American lands; Bacon led rebellion to open more lands for settlement

Carolinas: Proprietary colony split into two royal colonies; produced tobacco, timber, tar, rice, and indigo

Georgia: began as a place for debtors and poor people and as a barrier against Spanish expansion; colony attracted poor people and religious refugees; slow growth led proprietor to return colony to the king

Chapter 3 Section 4 Quiz

Criminals and prisoners of war were sometimes shipped to the colonies.

1 2

50%50%1. True

2. False

Lord Baltimore wanted a safe place for Catholics.

1 2

50%50%1. True

2. False

Corn became the leading crop in the Carolinas.

1 2

50%50%1. True

2. False

A series of missions along the Pacific coast gave Spain a claim to California.

1 2

50%50%1. True

2. False

Wars in Europe had no effect on life in the colonies.

1 2

50%50%1. True

2. False

Which colony was established as a safe place for Catholics?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Georgia

2. Maryland

3. South Carolina

4. North Carolina

Carolina's crop developed in the 1740s by Eliza Lucas was

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. corn.

2. lumber.

3. indigo.

4. rice.

Which colony did Britain originally settle as a military barrier?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. South Carolina

2. Georgia

3. North Carolina

4. Maryland

Quebec was founded by the

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. English.

2. French.

3. Dutch.

4. Spanish.

The Franciscan monk who worked for the rights of Native Americans was

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Robert de La Salle.

2. Jacques Marquette.

3. Louis Joliet.

4. Junípero Serra.

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