CHAPTER 3: Cells as Units of Lifeportermax.com/jennifer/documents/Z201Unit03Lecture.pdfChapter 3...
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Chapter 3 Cells as Units of Life
I Cell Theory
“Great unifying concept of biology”
3 Tenants of Cell Theory: 1. All Living Things made
of cells 2. Cells are Basic Unit of life3. New cells come from
pre-existing cells TimeLine:
1660's Robert Hooke observed & named cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek described
microorganisms (unicellular) 1838 Matthias Schleiden
“All Plants made of cells” 1839 Theodor Schwann
“All Animals made of cells” 1840 J. Purkinje
described protoplasm & organelles
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II Studying Cells
MICROSCOPES Light Microscopes
Electron Microscopes
Scanning (whole specimen) Transmission (thin sectioned)
X-ray Crystallography Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
(NMR)
Improved visualization with: TISSUE STAINING RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE LABELING
BASIC CELL REQUIREMENTS: 1. Cell Membrane “Plasma” 2. Cytoplasm 3. Genetic Information
AVERAGE SIZE OF CELLS: range 0.7um to 105 um
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III Cell Organization A. Cell Types Prokaryotic vs EukaryoticNucleus
Genetic system
Size
Organelles
Cell division
Reproduction
Mode of Nutrition
B. Eukaryotic Components
1. Cell (Plasma) Membrane “Fluid-Mosaic Model”
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2. Nucleus with nuclear envelope, pores & nucleoplasm
Chromatin Histones Nucleoli Ribosomes
3. Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum (cisternae) Rough Smooth
Golgi Complex
Mitochondria (cristae)
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Cytoskeleton
- microfilaments actin & myosin
- microtubules centrosome, centrioles, aster
- Intermediate Filaments
4. Cilia & Flagella
5. Pseudopodia
6. Specialized Junctions (Fig. 3-15)
Tight Junctions Desmosomes Gap Junction Microvilli
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IV Membrane Function
Cell Membrane (Plasma or plasmalemma)
Overall Function:
- regulate materials in/out - partition off cell parts
(compartmentalize) - site of enzymatic reactions
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Regulating Movement:
1. Diffusion/Osmosis
2. Mediated Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport
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3. Endocytosis (import in)
Phagocytosis/Potocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis (clathrin-coated pits)
4. Exocytosis (export out)
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V
Fun- growth, reproduction, replacement
A. Mitos Somatic cells”
1. Chrom
Cellular Division
ction:
is “
osomal Structure
Chromosome - sister chromatids
Centromere - kinetochore - kinetochore microtubules
2. Mitotic Phases - 2 Distinct Stages:
A. MITOTIC DIVSION uclea
2. M
“division of n
1. PR
r chromosomes”
OPHASE ETAPHASE
3. ANAPHASE 4. TELOPHASE
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B. CYTOKINESIS “division of cytoplasm”
Cleavage Furrow
B. Cell C Inte
G2 phase
Mitosis/Cytokinesis
Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
ycle
(Fig. 3-25) rphase
G1 phase
S phase