Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute...

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Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution - a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent - the part of a solution that is present in the largest amount and dissolves the solute(s). solute - the part of a solution that is present in a lesser amount and is dissolved by the solvent.

Transcript of Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute...

Page 1: Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent- the.

Chapter 3:Acids, Bases, & Solutions

solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout.

solvent- the part of a solution that is present in the largest amount and dissolves the solute(s).

solute- the part of a solution that is present in a lesser amount and is dissolved by the solvent.

Page 2: Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent- the.

Solution

Solvent

Solute

kool-ade water sugar, artificial flavoring, food coloring

Examples of Solutions

sea water water salt, other compounds

dental fillings

mercury

silver

antifreeze

water ethylene glycol

stainless steel iron chromium, nickel, carbon

Page 3: Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent- the.

Dissolving a solute into a solvent will:

1) raise the boiling point.

2) lower the melting point.

Page 4: Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent- the.

Acids & Bases

acid- a compound that when mixed with water forms hydronium ions (H3O+).

H3O+

hydronium ion

Cl-HCl HOH + +

+

Page 5: Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent- the.

Properties of Acids:1) taste sour (DON’T TRY IT!!)

2) reacts with metals to form hydrogen gas (H2)3) reacts with carbonates to form CO2

4) turns blue litmus paper red

Common Acidshydrochloric acid (HCl)

nitric acid (HNO3)

phosphouric acid (H3PO4)

sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

carbonic acid (H2CO3)

acetic acid (HC2H3O2)

5) has a pH range between 0 – 6.9

Page 6: Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent- the.

base- a compound that when mixed with water creates hydroxide ions (OH-)

KOH

HOH

+ - hydroxide

ions

Page 7: Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent- the.

Properties of Bases

1) tastes bitter (DON’T TRY IT!!)

2) feels slippery to the touch (DON’T TRY IT!!)

3) turns red litmus paper blue

4) has a pH range of 7.1 - 14

Common Basessodium hydroxide (NaOH)

calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

potassium hydroxide (KOH)

aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3)ammonia (NH3)

calcium oxide (CaO)

Page 8: Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent- the.

pH scaleA scale that indicates the concentration

of hydronium ions in a solution.

0 14

7

water

acids bases

neutralacidic

alkaline

Page 9: Chapter 3: Acids, Bases, & Solutions solution- a mixture containing a solvent and at least 1 solute and has the same properties throughout. solvent- the.

When an acid reacts with a base, the products are a salt and water.

(a.k.a. “neutralization”)

NaOH HCl+NaOH Cl +H

2KOH + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2HOH

3Ca(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6HOH


Solutions Chemistry 5th & 8th Hall ©Hall2010. Solutions Solution –Homogenous mixture containing 2 or more substances called solute and solvent Solute.

Solutions Chemistry 5th & 8th Hall ©Hall2010. Solutions Solution –Homogenous mixture containing 2 or more substances called solute and solvent Solute.

Solution A uniform mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute.

Solution A uniform mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute.

Solutions. What is a Solution? Homogeneous mixture of a solvent and a solute. Homogeneous Mixture: Same throughout Not filterable *No boundaries can be.

Solutions. What is a Solution? Homogeneous mixture of a solvent and a solute. Homogeneous Mixture: Same throughout Not filterable *No boundaries can be.

Solutions (= homogeneous mixtures) The two components of a mixture: 1.solute (the substance being dissolved) 2.solvent(the medium that dissolves the solute)

Solutions (= homogeneous mixtures) The two components of a mixture: 1.solute (the substance being dissolved) 2.solvent(the medium that dissolves the solute)

Acids, Bases, & Solutions. Solutions Solution-uniform mixture that contains a solvent & solute Solution-uniform mixture that contains a solvent & solute.

Acids, Bases, & Solutions. Solutions Solution-uniform mixture that contains a solvent & solute Solution-uniform mixture that contains a solvent & solute.

What is a solution? A well-mixed mixture that contains a solvent and a solute. The solvent is the largest amount of the mixture, usually liquid, but.

What is a solution? A well-mixed mixture that contains a solvent and a solute. The solvent is the largest amount of the mixture, usually liquid, but.

Solutions Homogeneous mixture = solution Solute the substance that’s being dissolved Solvent - the substance that the solute is dissolved in.

Solutions Homogeneous mixture = solution Solute the substance that’s being dissolved Solvent - the substance that the solute is dissolved in.

Solutions Chapter 13. Solutions Solution - homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent. Solvent - the component present in the largest amount. Solutes -

Solutions Chapter 13. Solutions Solution - homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent. Solvent - the component present in the largest amount. Solutes -

SOLUTIONS By Mr. M Definitions A solution is a homogeneous mixture A solute is dissolved in a solvent. – solute is the substance being dissolved – solvent.

SOLUTIONS By Mr. M Definitions A solution is a homogeneous mixture A solute is dissolved in a solvent. – solute is the substance being dissolved – solvent.

Solutions Solute – The substance that dissolves to form a solution eg salt Solvent – The substance in which a solute dissolves eg water Solution – A mixture.

Solutions Solute – The substance that dissolves to form a solution eg salt Solvent – The substance in which a solute dissolves eg water Solution – A mixture.

Volumetric Analysis Concentration of Solutions. Remember: Solution – A mixture of a solute and a solvent Solvent – The liquid in which the solute is dissolved.

Volumetric Analysis Concentration of Solutions. Remember: Solution – A mixture of a solute and a solvent Solvent – The liquid in which the solute is dissolved.

V. Solutions. 2 A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. The solubility of a solute in a given amount of solvent is dependent.

V. Solutions. 2 A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. The solubility of a solute in a given amount of solvent is dependent.

Solute and Solvent

Solute and Solvent

Solutions. Definitions n A solution is a homogeneous mixture n A solute is dissolved in a solvent. –solute is the substance being dissolved –solvent is.

Solutions. Definitions n A solution is a homogeneous mixture n A solute is dissolved in a solvent. –solute is the substance being dissolved –solvent is.

Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute and a solvent. The solute is dissolved in.

Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute and a solvent. The solute is dissolved in.

SOLUTIONS and SOLUBILITY. Know for test 1. Definition mixture solution solute solvent solubility dilute concentrated.

SOLUTIONS and SOLUBILITY. Know for test 1. Definition mixture solution solute solvent solubility dilute concentrated.

Solution Chemistry Dealing with mixtures 1. Solutions A solution is a homogenous mixture consisting of a solvent and at least one solute. The solvent.

Solution Chemistry Dealing with mixtures 1. Solutions A solution is a homogenous mixture consisting of a solvent and at least one solute. The solvent.

Solutions. Solutions: Basic Definitions Solute – substance that is being dissolved Solvent – substance that dissolves the solute Solution – a mixture.

Solutions. Solutions: Basic Definitions Solute – substance that is being dissolved Solvent – substance that dissolves the solute Solution – a mixture.

A homogeneous (uniform) mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute Solvent = dissolves the other substances (Ex. water) Solute = dissolved.

A homogeneous (uniform) mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute Solvent = dissolves the other substances (Ex. water) Solute = dissolved.

Solubility and Why Things Dissolve. Solutions A homogeneous mixture solute - dissolves (usually smaller amount) solvent – causes solute to dissolve(usually.

Solubility and Why Things Dissolve. Solutions A homogeneous mixture solute - dissolves (usually smaller amount) solvent – causes solute to dissolve(usually.