Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 ...
Chapter 3
description
Transcript of Chapter 3
![Page 1: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 3MEASUREMENTS
![Page 2: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Where should you place your eyes during measure the length?
x x
![Page 3: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
USED OF SENSORY ORGAN AS MEASURING TOOLS
Mistake can easily occur
![Page 4: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
UNIT OF MEASUREMENTS
In order to measure the size of
measurement, we must have standard
definition of size
Unit
![Page 5: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
International System of Units (SI units)
Basic quantity
SI unit Symbol
Length Metre m
Mass Kilogramme kg
Time Second s
Temperature Kelvin K
Current Ampere A
![Page 6: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1. MEASURING LENGTHS
Measuring tape
Ruler
Vernier callipers
Micrometer screw gauge
![Page 7: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Internal & external callipers
![Page 8: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SI unit of length is metre (m)
Larger unit of length is kilometre (km)
Smaller unit of length is centimetre (cm),
milimetre (mm) & micrometre (ɥm)
1km=1 000m 1m=100cm
1cm=10mm 1mm=1 000 ɥm
![Page 9: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Petronas Twin Towers are 452m in height
![Page 10: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PREFIXES IN LENGTH
![Page 11: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. MEASURING AREAS & VOLUMES
![Page 12: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A) MEASURING AREA
![Page 13: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Area = size of object’s surface
SI Unit = meter square, m2
1m
1m
Area = 1 m2
![Page 14: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Formula of area measuring
Area of rectangle = length x
width
Area of circle = Π x radius2
![Page 15: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Larger unit = kilometer square, km2
Smaller unit = centimeter square
(cm2) & millimeter square (mm2)
1km2 = 1000000m2
1m2 = 10000cm2
1cm2 = 100mm2
![Page 16: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Land area of Malaysia is 330000km2
![Page 17: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Area of irregular shape figure
Estimated by tracing figure onto
graph paper
Multiplying number of squares
covered
Square with more than half is
considered as one
![Page 18: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
B) MEASURING VOLUMES
Amount of space occupied
SI Unit = meter cube, m3
38.95m3
![Page 20: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Correct position of eyes when reading a measuring cylinder
![Page 21: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
C. MEASURING MASS
![Page 23: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mass is amount of
matter in an object.
![Page 24: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SI Unit = kilogramme, kg
Larger unit = tonne, t
Smaller unit = gramme, g &
milligramme, mg
1t = 1000kg 1kg = 1000g 1g =
1000mg
![Page 25: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
MEASURING TOOLS OF MASS
In shops & market
Electronic scale Platform scale
![Page 26: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
In laboratory or factory
Triple beam balance Lever balance
Physical balance
![Page 27: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
For more accurate reading
Analytical balance
![Page 28: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
D. MEASURING TEMPERATURE
![Page 29: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Thermometer
![Page 30: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Quantity used to express
degree of hotness or
coldness of an object
Measured using
thermometer
Mercury thermometer &
alcohol thermometer
![Page 31: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SI unit of temperature is Kelvin,
K
Lowest temperature in universe
is -273oC (absolute zero, 0 K)
Kelvin temperature =
Celcius temperature + 273
![Page 33: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Fahrenheit, 0F
Western countries
Freezing point of pure
water = 32 0F
Boiling point of pure water
= 212 0F
![Page 34: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Fahrenheit temperature =
X Celsius temperature +
32
92
![Page 35: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
USING LIQUID-FILLED THERMOMETER IN
CORRECT WAY
???
![Page 36: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CLINICAL THERMOMETER
Measure body temperature
Normal - 36.9oC
Highest – 42.0 oC
Mercury thermometer,
electronic thermometer
![Page 37: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
D. MEASURING TIME
![Page 38: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
SI Unit of time is second, s
Hour (h) & minute (m)
1 hour = 60 min 1min =
60s
![Page 39: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
METHODS OF TIME MEASUREMENTS
Sand clock Sundial
![Page 40: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
NOWADAYS
![Page 41: Chapter 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/55cf979d550346d033929552/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
HOW TO USE STOPWATCH??
Complicated than normal
watch
Vary in structure, external
features & method of use
Mechanical stopwatch