Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction...
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Transcript of Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction...
![Page 1: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 28
Venus
Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
![Page 2: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Venus – not so twinlike after all!
Roman: Goddess of love and our twin sister
This is the second planet from the Sun
Mostly known as our twin sisterBut only in Size, Density, escape velocity & surface gravity only.
![Page 3: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Venus – not so twinlike after all!
Roman: Goddess of love and our twin sister
Brightest of all the planets in the night sky from earth.Venus is often termed the “Morning Star” and the “Evening Star.”
![Page 4: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Venus – not so twinlike after all!
• Venus is only slightly smaller than the Earth (about 0.95%), but
8000 miles 7950 miles
Venus is only slightly smaller than the Earth (about 0.95%),
![Page 5: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Venus – not so twinlike after all!
• Venus is only slightly smaller than the Earth (about 0.95%), but that is where the resemblance stops!
– Thick clouds completely obscure the surface
![Page 6: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Venus – not so twinlike after all!
– The surface is tremendously hot!
– ~896º Fahrenheit
– ~480º Celsius
– ~718 Kelvin
![Page 7: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Rotation of Venus
• Of all the planets, Venus spins about its axis the slowest
– 243 days to complete one rotation
![Page 8: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Rotation of Venus
• Of all the planets, Venus spins about its axis the slowest
– 243 days to complete one rotation
– Slow rotation creates almost no magnetic field!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgnbAcT4iMk
![Page 9: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rotation of Venus
• This retrograde rotation cannot be produced by tidal braking– Perhaps a
collision early in its history tipped its axis
![Page 10: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Rotation of Venus
• Venus Revolution is 224.70 days (225 days)– MEANS: a year
is shorter than a day
![Page 11: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Venusian Atmosphere
• The atmosphere of Venus is very different from Earth’s:– 100 times more thicker– Surface pressure is 90
atmospheres!– 96.5% carbon dioxide
![Page 12: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Venusian Atmosphere
• The atmosphere of Venus is very different from Earth’s:– Thick clouds of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
– Trace amounts of water vapor & N2
![Page 13: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Venusian Atmosphere
• The planet probably underwent a runaway greenhouse effect
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![Page 16: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Venusian Atmosphere• The planet has a
yellowish sky.
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The Venusian Atmosphere• Lightning storms have been spotted on Venus
• Scientist estimate that there is 100,000,000 volts of electricity in a lightning bolt on Venus
– THEY never touch the ground!!!!
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Interesting features of the surface of Venus
•Venus has enormous upside-down vortices spinning over both poles of the planet.
•Unlike Earth-based tornadoes and hurricanes, which suck upward, these vortices recycle the atmosphere downward.
•Furthermore, the north pole of Venus has not one but two of these vortices!
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Images from Venus
• The Russian Venera spacecraft have visited the surface of Venus– Surface temperatures of ~718K, hot enough to melt lead!– Discovered volcanic rocks
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Images from Venus
• The spacecraft only lasted about an hour due to the extreme temperatures and pressure
• More recent spacecraft have mapped the surface of Venus from orbit
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The Surface of Venus
• Venus has both highlands and lowlands
![Page 22: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Surface of Venus
• Surface features are named for prominent women in history and mythology
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The Surface of Venus
• Venus is less mountainous than Earth, with more rolling plains
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The Surface of Venus
• Volcanic peaks are present in the highlands
![Page 25: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Surface of Venus
• Volcanic peaks are present in the highlands
![Page 26: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Recent radar map of Venus
• The surface of Venus seems to be relatively young
• Not sure is volcanic activity resurfaces the planet rapidly or not.
• No Volcano has been actually detected erupting but,,,
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Recent radar map of Venus
• Evidence in 2010 did show in the clouds a “white” spot” which is believed to be caused by a volcano erupting.
• There are a few impact craters, due both to the thick atmosphere and perhaps volcanic activity.
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Interesting features of the surface of Venus
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Recent radar map of Venus
• Diameter
– 7,530 miles; 12048 Km
– 0.95 than earth
• Composition:
– Solid Fe, Ni core like earth’s
– Magnetic field does not exist due to retrograde rotation.
– Mantle may contain hotspots but not sure
![Page 30: Chapter 28 Venus Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649ce25503460f949ad08a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Recent radar map of Venus
• Tilt of 3 degree
• Incline plane of 3.4 degrees
• Average Distance from Sun
– .723 AU (.7 AU)
– 67,000,000 miles 67,239,000
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Venus