Chapter 28 Section 2
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Transcript of Chapter 28 Section 2
Chapter 28 Section 2
The Cold War Begins
Roots of the Cold War
• United States vs USSR
• Cold War – Competition for global power and influence between 2 remaining superpowers USA and USSR• Political and Economic Fronts
• USA• Democratic government• Individual Freedom• Capitalist Economy
• USSR• Communist Theories• State-run Economy• One-Party Rule (Bolsheviks)• Suppression of Religion• Use of force to crush opposition
Roots of Cold War continued
• Soviet• Expansionism
• Baltic States• Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
• Poland• Romania
• Buffer Zone• Satellite Nations
• Countries under Soviet control
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Mm0yQg1hS_w
• Churchill• Iron Curtain
• “Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent”
• George Kennan – US State Department Official• Containment
• Restricting expansion of Soviet Communism
Deadlock over Atomic Weapons
• US presidential adviser Bernard Baruch• Special Energy Agency
• Known as Baruch Plan• Impose penalties on countries that did not follow international
rules
• USSR rejects all inspection and enforcement provisions• Tests 1st atomic bomb in 1949
• Start of Nuclear arms race
• US Response• Atomic Energy Act – August 1946
• Created Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)• Promote peacetime use of atomic energy • Oversee nuclear weapons research
Containment Around the World
• Truman administered a more aggressive foreign policy• US containment policy
• Policy of US to support free peopes who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or outside pressures• TRUMAN DOCTRINE
• $400 million in aide to Greece & Turkey
• Mediterranean• Greece
• Civil War – Communists vs. Monarch
• Turkey• USSR wanted to control Dardanelles
Containment Around the World Continued
• Europe• Economies in shambles after WWII• George C. Marshall
• Born Uniontown PA• Truman asks congress for 17 billion in aid• Communists overthrow government of
Czechoslovakia• Marshall Plan
• 17 billion in economic aid for Europe
• Marshall wins Nobel Peace Prize in 1953
Crisis in Berlin• Non-Soviet sections of Berlin grow stronger because of Marshall
Plan• Support formation of Western German government
• Berlin Airlift• June 24th, 1948 Soviets block
• Roads• Canals• Railways• Shipments of food/supplies
• Western leaders response• For 10 months American and British planes
• Drop 2 million tons of food
• Embarrassed Soviet Union• Ends May 1949• Republic of Germany – West Germany (USA, FR, BR)• German Democratic Republic – East Germany (USSR)
The Western Alliance• Military Alliances
• Nato• 9 Western European Powers• USA• Canada• Iceland
• 1951 – Dwight Eisenhower = Supreme Commander
• Warsaw Pact• Communist countries of Eastern Europe