Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s...

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Chapter 27: America at Midcentury

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Transcript of Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s...

Page 1: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

Chapter 27:America at Midcentury

Page 2: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

American Communities

1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society

a. Pro’s and con’s

b. Loved by teenagers

c. Had consumer power

d. Celebration of being young

e. Independent and rebellion

f. Generational shift

Page 3: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

27.1 : American Society @ Midcentury

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A. Galbraith’s Affluent Society

1. Economist who theorized that the economy was good due to personal consumption

2. “Good life”

3. Sense that prosperity would never end

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B. 1952 Election

Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)AKA “Ike”

Adlai Stevenson (D)

Page 6: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

I like Ike!

http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1952

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B. “Middle of the Road” Eisenhower (Rep.1952-1960)

1. Political Philosophy:

a. run country like a business

b. Cooperation, not regulation

c. businessmen to cabinet

d. No deficit spending

e. felt gov’t resp. for social welfare of citizens Created Dept. of Health, Edu and Welfare;

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C. Subsidizing Prosperity

1. Federal Housing Admin.

a. Loans backed by federal gov’t

b. Long term effect?

c. Downside?

Racism/”retain stability”

2. Impact of the GI Bill

a. Edu

b. Increased loans/home shortage

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3. Levittown

30 a day/$8,000/$58 mos.

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Prewar kitchen

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Postwar kitchen

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Postwar

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4. Federal Highway Act 1956

a. Long term impact/trickle effect…

b. Decreased mass transit

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D. Suburban Life1. Women’s happiness

based on taking care of home and family!

2. Not!

3. Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique: women unhappy with domesticated roles

4. Suburbia focused on conformity, security, and status

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5. Can you say “Conformity?”

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E. Labor Unions

1. Eisenhower anti-union

2. AFL-CIO merged to keep gains made during WWII

3. Within service sector membership grew; decreased in the general workforce

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F. Expansion of Higher Education

1. GI Bill and NDEA – subsidize edu for students; math, science

2. R & D for defense related project

3. Turn to businessmen to run schools; on board of trustees

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G. Health and Medicine

1. NIH = better tech and tx

2. Jonas Salk = cure for polio; viral

3. Problem?a. Not all Americans had

same access to health care; too expensive

b. AMA against “socialized medicine;”- can you say “Obamaplan?”

Page 19: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

27.2:Youth Culture

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A. Youth Culture/Market

1. Easy target

2. Influence large family purchases

3. School a commonality

4. Influenced media and teen publications

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B. “Hail to the King”

1. Rebellious

2. Reinvented popular music/R’N’R accepted

3. Revitalized popular culture/crossed cultures and styles

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C. Almost Grown

1. Driving

2. Clothes and make-up

3. Periods earlier

4. Marrying earlier

5. Working

6. Going “steady” in H.S.

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D. Deviance and Delinquency

1. R’N’R to blame

2. Increase crime

3. Exaggerated by media

4. Censor media

5. Senate subcommittee

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27.3:Mass Culture and Discontent

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A. Discontent & Television

1. Advertising: from radio to tv commercials

2. from live to taped; reruns $

3. No real issues addressed

4. Beats/Beatniks dissenters from

conformity, mass consumption, militarism, technology

5. TV and Politics

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27.5:JFK and the New Frontier

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A. Election of 1960

1. John F. Kennedy (D)a. 43 yrs. old?

b. Catholic?

c. Wealthy family?

d. Civil Rights issues

e. Martin Luther King supporter =good with/for the AA

community

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A. Election of 1960

2. Richard M. Nixon (R)a. Experienced

b. Sweaty and nervous

c. Not able to work the camera

3. What if the debate was over the radio? Would the election results have been the same?

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B. Television & Politics

1. Programming superficial; not dealing with “issues” until…

2. 30 min. news programming (1963)

3. Exposed politicians

4. Helped political candidates with their “image”

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B. New Frontier Agenda

1. Education

2. Medicare

3. Dept. of Urban Affairs* Today: Dept. of Housing and Urban

Development – increase homeownership, urban development, affordable housing free from discrimination

4. Increase minimum wage to $1.25/hr

5. Increase social security benefits

Page 32: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

C. How well did he do?

1. Successesa. Created jobs through

deficit spendingb. Decreased business

taxesc. Jobs via space programd. Asked co. to keep

prices downe. Asked union to not ask

for raisesf. Increase minimum

wage

g. Developing housing

2. Failuresa. Tax cut for middle

classb. No health ins for

elderlyc. Minimal federal aid

for education

Page 33: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

D. Kennedy and Vietnam

a. 1960: JFK now in office; continues to support Diem, as did Eisenhower

b. Diem is corrupt but nationalist, not communist; cancels election of 1956

c. Repressed Buddhist practices =

Ngo Diem Nationalist

Page 34: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

Buddhist who sets himself aflame to protest Diem’s repression. Diem was a Catholic.

Page 35: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

E. Cuban Crises & Fidel Castro

1. Cuban Dilemmaa. 1959- overthrew Batistab. Supported by Cubans;

promised democracyc. What they got: dictatorship

and communismd. Takes over American &

British owned oil refineries, mines, sugar plantations

e. US places embargo on Cuban sugar

f. Soviets befriend himg. Cubans exiled to Miami

Page 36: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

2. Bay of Pigs April 1961

a. US to train Cuban exilesb. Goal: to overthrow Castroc. Success or failure?d. Plan failed on several counts

(air strike on Cuban air force failed, special forces did not land on time; Cuban forces waiting for them backed by Soviets, taken hostage)

e. Public relations success for Castroi. US and JFK humiliatedii. JFK considered incompetent. iii. US provides $53 million in food and medical supplies for

release of American soldiers.

Page 37: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

“The Best and the Brightest”

R. Kennedy

R. McNamara

Dean Rusk

                                       

M. Bundy

                          

Page 38: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

JFK on Cuban missile crisis

Page 39: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.
Page 40: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

3. Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

a. Alliance between Cuba & SU

b. Soviet Union/Khrushchev sets nuclear missiles in Cuba

c. American U-2 planes confirm missile bases

d. Attack from Cuba = attack on Soviet Union

e. US quarantines Cuba = SU ships do not pass

f. Khrushchev & Kennedy make agreement:

a. US removes missiles from Turkey; we promise not to attack Cuba

b. SU removes missiles from Cuba

Page 41: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.
Page 42: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.
Page 43: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.
Page 44: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.
Page 45: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

4. Fallout of Agreement between Khrushchev & JFK

a. Kennedy1. Used

brinksmanship not negotiations

2. Missed opportunity to overthrow Castro

3. Cuba had many more missiles than US thought

4. Amer. Cuban go Republican

b. Khrushchev1. Lost face in SU &

worldwide

Page 46: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

5. Trying to ease tensions

a. Hotline- direct telephonic line between the White House and the Kremlin (1963)

b. Limited Test Ban Treaty- stopped nuclear testing in the atmosphere (1963)

Page 47: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

F. Kennedy’s “Flexible response”

1. Preparing for a variety of military responses rather than just focusing on nuclear weapons

2. Kennedy built up all branches of military

3. Special Forces AKA Green Berets

Page 48: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

G. Cold War Continues

1. Berlin Crisis (West Berlin)

a. West Berlin was thriving. Why?

b. 20% of East Berliners migrating

c. Khrushchev builds “Berlin Wall”

i. August 1961

ii. Ended crisis but tensions remained

iii. Wall symbolized communist oppression

Page 49: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.
Page 50: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

Building of the “Death Strip”

Page 51: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

Death Strip

Page 52: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

Wall Falls November 1989

Page 53: Chapter 27: America at Midcentury. American Communities 1. Rock’ N’ Roll and society a. Pro’s and con’s b. Loved by teenagers c. Had consumer power d.

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