Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Drafting the Constitution Understand the reasons...

Chapter 25 Section 1

The Cold War Begins

Section 2

Drafting the Constitution

• Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention.

• Summarize the rival plans of government proposed at the convention.

• Describe the compromises made in order to

reach agreement on the Constitution.

Section 2: Drafting the Constitution, Objectives

What new system of national government did the delegates agree upon at the Constitutional Convention of 1787?


The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution

Section 2

By 1787 most citizens agreed that the Articles were flawed and needed at least two major changes:

In May, delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia to propose Amendments to the Articles.

• The power to regulate interstateand international commerce

• The power to tax

Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention.



Section 2

53 of the nation’s top leaders convenedat the Pennsylvania State House.

• Most helped to write their state constitutions.

• Most were rich.

• All were white males.

• 21 fought in the Revolution.

• 8 were signers of theDeclaration of Independence.




Section 2

• Missing: Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. They were serving as diplomats in Europe.

• George Washington was chosen as president of the Convention.

James Madison

Roger Sherman

George Mason

Elbridge Gerry

William Paterson

James Wilson

John Dickinson

Charles Pinckney

Benjamin Franklin

Alexander Hamilton

Edmund Randolph

Gouverneur Morris

Leaders present:

Who came?




Section 2

Alexander Hamilton advocated a powerful central government.

Ben Franklin contributed experience, wisdom,and prestige.

Framers of the Constitution




Section 2

Called the Father of the Constitution, James Madison already had a plan of government in mind.

Called the Father ofour Country, George Washington attracted crowds when he arrived in Philadelphia.

Framers of the Constitution




Section 2

Hamilton and Madison emerged as leaders.

• Conservative; he feared too much democracy

• Favored a balance of aristocracy, monarchy, and republicanism

Alexander Hamilton James Madison • Favored a large republic

with diverse interests to preserve the common good

• Favored a system where different interests would “check” each other’s power to ensure liberty




Section 2

• A strong federal government with power to tax, regulate commerce, and veto state laws

• A Senate and a House of Representatives, both based on population

• A strong President to command the military and manage foreign relations

James Madison proposed his Virginia Plan:

Summarize the rival plans of government proposed at the convention.



Section 2

• An executive by committee rather than one leader

• A unicameral legislature with one vote per state regardless of population

• States retain sovereignty except for a few powers granted to the federal government

William Patterson proposed the New Jersey Plan:

Summarize the rival plans of government proposed at the convention.



Section 2

Roger Sherman proposed The Great Compromise to break the impasse:

• Two Houses in Congress: The lower house was based on a state’s population. In the upper house, each state had two senators.

• A system of federalism: Power would be divided between the federal government and the states. Certain powers, such as issuing money, were forbidden to states.

Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the Constitution.



Section 2

NEW JERESY PLAN

VIRGINIA PLAN

PLANS COMPROMISES

Creating the Constitution

Power divided among three

branches

bicameral legislature

States remain sovereign with

only a few powers given to the

federal government

unicameral legislature

by: James Madison

by: William Patterson

?GREAT COMPROMISE

House of Representatives would represent the population

Senate would equally

represented each state

Solved legislative and power issues

NOTES




Section 2

• Southern states feared larger free states would dominate Congress and threaten slavery.

• They saw slavery as essential for their economy and demanded protections in the Constitution.

• Delegates from Georgia and South Carolina threatened to walk out.

Slavery proved to be a divisive issue.



Section 2

• A slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in Congress and electoral votes for presidential elections.

• Importation of slaves could not be forbidden for twenty years.

• Northern states could not pass laws to help runaway slaves.

Solution:

Three-fifths Compromise




Section 2

NEW JERESY PLAN

VIRGINIA PLAN

PLANS COMPROMISES

Creating the Constitution

Power divided among three

branches

bicameral legislature

States remain sovereign with

only a few powers given to the

federal government

unicameral legislature

by: James Madison

by: William Patterson

THREE-FIFTHS

COMPROMISE

GREAT COMPROMISE

House of Representatives would represent the population

Senate would equally

represented each state

Solved legislative and power issues

added to a state’s free population

Counted slaves as 3/5 of a person

temporarily “solved” slavery

issue


NOTES



Section 2

Southerners such as Charles C. Pinckney feared the inclusion of anti-slavery phrases, such as“all men are by nature free.”

No Bill of Rights

• George Mason

• Edmund Randolph

• Elbridge Gerry, who called it “flawed”

Some delegates refused to sign in protest:




Section 2

39 delegates signed and the Constitution was sent to the states for ratification.

On September 17th; 42 delegates remained at the convention.

Alexander Hamilton accepted the Constitution as the only alternative to “anarchy and convulsion.”




Section 2

What new system of national government did the delegates agree upon at the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

After Shays’ Rebellion, Congress called for a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation.

Instead, they created an entirely new constitution.


Summarize the rival plans of government proposed at the convention.Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the

Constitution.



Section 2

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Drafting the Constitution Understand the reasons...

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