Chapter 25: Language Structure Syntax: The Grammatical Structure of Language Constituents and Phrase Structure Transformations Relational Autoclitics: The Conjunction of Verbal Units Semantics: The Meaning of Verbal Units Language Development Addendum 25A: Some Properties of Language Addendum 25B: Deixis Chapter 25: Language Structure Syntax: The Grammatical Structure of Language Constituents and Phrase Structure Transformations Relational Autoclitics: The Conjunction of Verbal Units Semantics: The Meaning of Verbal Units Language Development Chapter 25: Language Structure Syntax: The Grammatical Structure of Language Constituents and Phrase Structure Transformations Relational Autoclitics: The Conjunction of Verbal Units Semantics: The Meaning of Verbal Units Language Development Chapter 25: Language Structure Syntax: The Grammatical Structure of Language Constituents and Phrase Structure Transformations Relational Autoclitics: The Conjunction of Verbal Units Semantics: The Meaning of Verbal Units Language Development Chapter 25: Language Structure Syntax: The Grammatical Structure of Language Constituents and Phrase Structure Transformations Relational Autoclitics: The Conjunction of Verbal Units Semantics: The Meaning of Verbal Units Language Development Chapter 26: The Functions of Remembering Mnemonics The Metaphor of Storage, Retention and Retrieval Storage: Encoding and Levels of Processing Retention: The Question of Memory Reorganization Retrieval: Cue dependency and Accessibility Remembering, Cue-Dependency, Stimulus Control Hearsal and Rehearsal Metamemory Running or Working Memory Discriminated Remembering What to remember about remembering First of all, try to remember these letters: MJDQLYRXC We remember what we did, not what we saw or heard The Conrad Experiment What letters do you remember? The Conrad Experiment Here they are again: MJDQLYRXC The Conrad Experiment Here they are again: MJDQLYRXC If you missed the D, you probably didnt write down something that looked like it, such as R or B or P or O, with a straight left edge and/or a curve on the right The Conrad Experiment Here they are again: MJDQLYRXC If you missed the D, you probably didnt write down something that looked like it, such as R or B or P or O, with a straight left edge and/or a curve on the right You probably remembered it as a T We dont remember stimuli. We remember how we responded to them (what we said to ourselves). We dont remember stimuli. We remember how we responded to them (what we said to ourselves). Thats why Skinner argued that a verbal response to a stimulus counts as a tact only if it occurs during or very soon after the stimulus. We dont remember stimuli. We remember how we responded to them (what we said to ourselves). Thats why Skinner argued that a verbal response to a stimulus counts as a tact only if it occurs during or very soon after the stimulus. Otherwise youre responding to your own earlier behavior rather than directly to the stimulus Those who study remembering talk about: The stimulus (e.g., a seen letter) Our response to it (encoding - e.g., saying the letter) A later occasion for recall, when we reproduce our response (e.g., saying it again) And finally, our translation to the seen letter (decoding - e.g., writing it down) Here is another example Chapter 27: The Structure of Remembering Iconic Memory: The Persisting Effects of Stimuli Short Term Memory: The Role of Rehearsal Long Term Memory: Interference and Forgetting The Roles of Hearsal and Rehearsal in Remembering Kinds of Remembering Autobiographical and Semantic Memory Procedural and Declarative Memory Remembering and Cue-Dependency A Non-Summary Addendum 27A: Proaction and Retroaction Addendum 27B: Implicit and Explicit Memory Chapter 27: The Structure of Remembering Iconic Memory: The Persisting Effects of Stimuli Short Term Memory: The Role of Rehearsal Long Term Memory: Interference and Forgetting The Roles of Hearsal and Rehearsal in Remembering Kinds of Remembering Autobiographical and Semantic Memory Procedural and Declarative Memory Remembering and Cue-Dependency A Non-Summary Chapter 27: The Structure of Remembering Iconic Memory: The Persisting Effects of Stimuli Short Term Memory: The Role of Rehearsal Long Term Memory: Interference and Forgetting The Roles of Hearsal and Rehearsal in Remembering Kinds of Remembering Autobiographical and Semantic Memory Procedural and Declarative Memory Remembering and Cue-Dependency A Non-Summary Chapter 27: The Structure of Remembering Iconic Memory: The Persisting Effects of Stimuli Short Term Memory: The Role of Rehearsal Long Term Memory: Interference and Forgetting The Roles of Hearsal and Rehearsal in Remembering Kinds of Remembering Autobiographical and Semantic Memory Procedural and Declarative Memory Remembering and Cue-Dependency A Non-Summary Chapter 27: The Structure of Remembering Iconic Memory: The Persisting Effects of Stimuli Short Term Memory: The Role of Rehearsal Long Term Memory: Interference and Forgetting Hearsal and Rehearsal in Remembering Kinds of Remembering Autobiographical and Semantic Memory Procedural and Declarative Memory Remembering and Cue-Dependency A Non-Summary CLASSES OF REMEMBERING CONTENT CRITERIA RESPONSE CRITERIA HOW LONG THEY LAST Iconic Memory Stimulus arrays presented so briefly that the learner cannot respond to all items Neither Hearsal nor Rehearsal Fractions of a Second Short-Term Memory Item sequences shorter than the immediate-memory span and therefore manageable on a single presentation Hearsal onlySeconds Long-Term Memory Item sequences longer than the immediate-memory span and therefore requiring more than one presentation Hearsal plus Rehearsal Seconds, Hours, Years Retention and Retrieval Items recalled some time after they were first encountered Rehearsal only(not applicable) Some Properties of Some Classes of Remembering Chapter 27: The Structure of Remembering Iconic Memory: The Persisting Effects of Stimuli Short Term Memory: The Role of Rehearsal Long Term Memory: Interference and Forgetting The Roles of Hearsal and Rehearsal in Remembering Kinds of Remembering Autobiographical and Semantic Memory Procedural and Declarative Memory Remembering and Cue-Dependency A Non-Summary Chapter 28: Knowing: Cognitive Processes Cognitive Processes Visual Imagery Mental Representations Addendum A: Processing Stages Chapter 29: Problem Solving The Structure of Problems Artificial Intelligence: Chess Expert Performance Transfer Functional Fixity and its Relatives The Construction of Solutions Simulations Science as Seeing Insightful Apes and Pigeons Addendum 29A: Two Simulations Based on the Reserve