Chapter 23-World War 1 The U.S had done much to become a world power in the early twentieth century....

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Chapter 23-World War 1 The U.S had done much to become a world power in the early twentieth century. As President Wilson took over the presidency it was time for the country to learn the consequences of this type of power. Tensions in Europe were high at this time. Soon a war the likes of which had never been seen before-World War I-would affect the United States and most of Europe.In this chapter you will learn what cause WWI and what resulted from

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Transcript of Chapter 23-World War 1 The U.S had done much to become a world power in the early twentieth century....

Page 1: Chapter 23-World War 1 The U.S had done much to become a world power in the early twentieth century. As President Wilson took over the presidency it was.

Chapter 23-World War 1

The U.S had done much to become a world power in the early twentieth century. As

President Wilson took over the presidency it was time for the country to learn the consequences of this type of power.

Tensions in Europe were high at this time. Soon a war the likes of which had never

been seen before-World War I-would affect the United States and most of Europe.In

this chapter you will learn what cause WWI and what resulted from it.

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Does anyone know the significance of the poppy?

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“The war to end all wars”

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President Woodrow Wilson

•Progressives liked Wilson., he was able to get Congress to pass his reform laws

•16th Amendment was ratified, making it legal to tax someone's income. Reformers only wanted the wealthy to pay tax, common workers were too poor.

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The War Begins in Europe

•For many years European countries competed for trade markets

•Also, tried to control the same colonies

•Some countries wanted to regain land lost in previous wars

•Smaller countries wanted to gain independence from larger, ruling nations

•Each nation tried to build the strongest army

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Two Alliances FormWhat is an Alliance?

One group of allies the Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Turkey and Italy

The other group of allies the Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, And Russia

They did not trust each other!

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Bosnia•Had been part of the Austro-Hungarina Empire since 1908

•People of Bosnia did not want to be a part of this empire they wanted to be included in Serbia, a neighbor

•Talks of rebellion began, tensions rose in the country

So…

In June of 1914 the Emperor of Austria-Hungary sends his nephew to the capital of Bosnia (Sarajevo) to try and improve relations.

How it all began:

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The nephew of the Emperor: Archduke Francis Ferdinand

An attempt to bomb the Archdukes car failed, another car was hit instead.

The Archduke goes to visit the injured people in the hospital

He and his wife Sophie were both killed by Gavrilo Pricip

Their murder started World War I

http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/index.html

http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/index.html
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand

His wife Sophie

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The Assassin who Started the Great War

•19 years old at the time

•Member of Black Hand Army of Serbia

•Was dying of Tuberculosis, wanted to give the rest of his life for his country

•Died four years after being arrested

Gavrilo Pricip

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The Funeral of Archduke Ferdinand

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Why did Other Countries Declare War?

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia on July 28th, 1914-This starts a chain-reaction.

Russia decides to help Serbia, France decides to help Russia, Great Britain then decides to help their allies.

Germany decides to help Austria-Hungary Italy remains neutral at first and then breaks with

previous allies to be on the Allied Powers side.

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German crowd cheering the declaration of war

http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/33dWImages/Hitler1914CrowdCheer400pxw.jpg
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Map of the Counties involved in the Great War and when they

got involved in the war

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British Propaganda

British Recruits

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U.S. tries to stay neutral•President Wilson says U.S. will not take sides in the war

•American divided, some wanting to go to war others wanting to stay out of other country’s business…sound familiar???

•American countries selling war supplies to both sides

•Germany accuses the U.S. of taking G.B. side

•Great Britain and Germany both set up “War Zones”Ships were not allowed to enter war zones, they were patrolled by submarines

•The Central Powers seems to be defeating the Allied Powers. American worried about the British, our now close ally.Americans also thing the Germans were cruel.

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German Poster of U-Boats

protecting War Zone.

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Germans sink the Lusitania

•In 1915, The Lusitania, a British passenger ship was traveling from New York to England

•A German U-Boat (submarine) spots the Lusitania outside the coast of Ireland, in the German War Zone

•Germans launch a torpedo at the passenger ship

•The unarmed ship explodes and sinks killing 1,200 people. 128 Americans were killed in the disaster.

•This turns the American people against the Germans, becomes hard to stay neutral

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Victims of the Lusitania being buried in Ireland

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The Lusitania used in a

propaganda poster

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Wilson Wins Re-Election in 1916

Most American were pleased he had kept the country out of war

“He Kept us Out of War” slogan It was a close election First Democrat to win re-election since

Andrew Jackson in 1832

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America Enters the War

Wilson gives a speech January 22, 1917 saying he wanted the war to end without a winner or a loser, “peace without victory”

At that time both sides were worn down from 3 years of fighting, and at a standstill.

Germans begin shooting at any ships in their restricted war zone, trying to provoke the U.S. and to force British to give up.

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Zimmermann Note Germany sends a private letter to Mexican

government asking Mexicans to fight U.S. Germany promised to return the lands of

Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona to Mexico in exchange for fighting U.S.

Remember Mexico lost this land to U.S. in 1800’s?

U.S. government prints this letter in newspapers to show American people

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“The world must be made safe for democracy”

America declares war on April 6th 1917, neutrality had ended and we would

fight for “peace and justice”

The U.S. enters the Great War

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Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany

Above all, the Kaiser wanted "a place in the sun" for the German people. The problem was the only places left were in the shade. There was very little room left for new colonization in the early part of this century. Never the less the Kaiser built up the German military machine and under the Tirpitz Plan, built a naval fleet to rival that of Great Britain.

http://www.worldwar1.com/biogtirp.htm
http://www.worldwar1.com/biokais2.htm
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Long Live President Wilson sign in France

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U.S Troops arriving in France

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U.S. Troops

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U.S. Troops

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The Grave of the First American to Die in

WWI

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•American factories stop producing consumer goods and start manufacturing war supplies

•People start working longer hours to increase factory output

•Many women join workforce to take place of men who have enlisted. Other women become nurses and office workers

•Government increases taxes and sells bonds to fund the war

•Americans asked to conserve certain items

•Farmers start growing more food

•U.S. begins the draft

Americans sacrificed much to support their country!

What was happening in America at this time?

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My Tuesdays are meatless,

My Wednesdays are wheatless,

I’m getting more eatless every day.

My coffee is sweetless,

My bed is sheetless

All sent to the YMCA!Conservation efforts by Americans tripled the amount of food sent to the

Allies.

Would this type of conservation happen today?

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Examples of WWI

Propaganda

Information spread to impact public opinion

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•June 1917-American Troops, “Doughboys” arrive in Europe faster then the Germans expected

•July of 1918 over a million American troops were in Europe

•Large groups of American ships blockade German ports

•Planted mines in the water and began torpedoing German U-Boats

Water Mine

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March to the Front Lines:

5 out of every 9 of these men will die.

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Warfare/Weaponry of The Great War

Trench Warfare Rats-One soldier described finding a group of dead bodies while on patrol:

"I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat.“

Dysentery-Contaminated water Self Inflicted Wounds-Others killed themselves rather than carry on in the

trenches. The usual method of suicide was to place the muzzle of their Lee-Enfield rifle against the head and press the trigger with their bare big toe. In some cases, when men could endure no more, stood up on the fire-step and allowed themselves to be shot by an enemy sniper

Lice-Trench Fever. Cooty poem http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/dbverse.htm#8

Trench Foot Shell Shock

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWenfield.htm
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWstep.htm
http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/dbverse.htm#Slide%208
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Amputees

Trench Foot

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Howitzer

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Poison Gas

Observation Balloon

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Soldiers blinded by poison gas

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Dog Fight

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The new weaponry and war methods led to massive amounts

of death on both sides

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Victim of explosives used during WWI

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Quentin Roosevelt’s crash and grave

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Map clearly showing the two sides at

war

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The Western Front

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Photograph of the Western Front

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How Does the War End?

In several battles in Europe more than 2 million American soldiers were defeating Germany’s stronghold

By the Fall of 1918 Germans began to realize they could not win this war

Germany asked the Allies for Armistice Fighting stops

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"...The people no longer had an interest in holding out any further..."

Quote from a young German soldier,

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In these nights hatred grew in me, hatred for those responsible for this deed

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And that soldier was…

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Adolph Hitler

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The Great War lasted for more than 4 years

War ends on the eleventh hour, of the eleventh day of the

eleventh month.

November 11, 1918

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Cost of WarU.S. soldiers killed 116,516

U.S. soldiers wounded

204,002

Total Deaths (all countries)

8,528,154

Total wounded 21,189,159

Costs to the U.S. $32.7 Billion

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Wilson’s Plan for Permanent Peace

Called Wilson’s 14 Points Plan must be fair on all sides Only way to guarantee lasting peace

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1. Secret Treaties between nations would end.

2. Any nation would be free to sail in any seas /oceans of the world

3. Nations would decrease the size of armies/navies.

4. Boundaries of nations changed so common people would be in the same country.

5. An organization called the League of Nations would be created to settle disputes between

countries in a peaceful way.

Five Points from Wilson’s Plan

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Paris Peace Conference

Versailles, France January 1919. To discuss and write a peace treaty Germany not invited to attend, only the

“Big Four” Great Britain, France, U.S., and Italy

Result of conference:Treaty of Versailles

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http://www.cyberlearning-world.com/lessons/ushistory/ww1/preww1.htm

The Big Four

The signers and creators of the Treaty

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Results of Treaty of Versailles

Austro-Hungarian Empire broken into Austria, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Bosnia and Serbia became part of Yugoslavia.

Forced Germany to give land to France and Poland Blamed Germany for starting the war Took away German colonies Said they could not rebuild an army

Germans were unhappy, but having no other choice signed the treaty July 28, 1919.

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More Results

Germany was forced to sign it otherwise Germany would be invaded. The treaty included Germany admitting they were to blame and paying for the damage. On 28 of June 1919 Germany signed the treaty.

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•U.S. Congress did not ratify treaty as they believed the League of Nations would drag

America into more foreign wars.

•Congress did not want to be responsible for problems of other countries.

•The Treaty of Versailles did not bring about fair and just peace.

•The seeds for a second, more horrible and deadly war were set. Within twenty years the nations of the world would again be at war.

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What did we learn from World War I?

At what cost victory?

War cannot be predictedand weaponry may surpass a politician’s ability to control it

GenocideReactions of people to amount of death

Democracy is a fragile thingYou cannot have war and democracy at the same time

Wars involving many countries breeds civil unrest and wars

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The End….or is it?


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