Chapter 23 Section 4Chapter 23 Section 4

Society and Culture in the Society and Culture in the industrial ageindustrial age

EmigrationEmigrationDuring the 1800’s improvements in Medicine, During the 1800’s improvements in Medicine, sanitation, and food distribution helped lead to sanitation, and food distribution helped lead to an increase in populationan increase in populationDue to jobs, growth was fastest in the more Due to jobs, growth was fastest in the more industrialized regions in the US and Europeindustrialized regions in the US and EuropePeople began to move from their native land People began to move from their native land across international boundaries and oceans into across international boundaries and oceans into foreign lands which is foreign lands which is EmigrationEmigration Between 1870 and 1900 more than 10 million Between 1870 and 1900 more than 10 million people left Europe for the US alone, one of the people left Europe for the US alone, one of the greatest mass movements of peoplegreatest mass movements of peoplePeople were fleeing countries with poor People were fleeing countries with poor economic conditions like Ireland and Italy economic conditions like Ireland and Italy Thanks to steamships and trains travel was Thanks to steamships and trains travel was faster and more affordablefaster and more affordable

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Others, like the Jews, Armenians, and Slavs fled Others, like the Jews, Armenians, and Slavs fled oppression and discrimination oppression and discrimination

Within Europe people moved to the areas of greatest Within Europe people moved to the areas of greatest industrializationindustrialization

This was a result of increased demand for factory laborThis was a result of increased demand for factory labor

As the population increased, there were changes in As the population increased, there were changes in agriculture and industry agriculture and industry

Before the industrial revolution most people lived in rural Before the industrial revolution most people lived in rural areas or small villagesareas or small villages

By the early 1900’s more people lived in or near cities By the early 1900’s more people lived in or near cities than in the country side than in the country side

Sanitation and Public orderSanitation and Public order

In the 1800’s houses did not have running water; most In the 1800’s houses did not have running water; most cities did not have sewerscities did not have sewers

People dumped garbage and sewage into the streets, People dumped garbage and sewage into the streets, combined with smoke from the factories this made the combined with smoke from the factories this made the cities foul smelling and unhealthycities foul smelling and unhealthy

After the 1870’s technological advancements such as After the 1870’s technological advancements such as iron pipes and flush toilets, and running water were iron pipes and flush toilets, and running water were helped life inside the cityhelped life inside the city

Public sewers were installed along with paved streets Public sewers were installed along with paved streets and street lights were all improvementsand street lights were all improvements

Governments passed laws requiring better heating Governments passed laws requiring better heating systems and better construction of buildings systems and better construction of buildings

Industrialized LondonIndustrialized London

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Cities also needed new law Cities also needed new law enforcement to direct crowds enforcement to direct crowds and to protect the lives and and to protect the lives and property of city dwellersproperty of city dwellers

In 1829In 1829 Sir Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel of of London organized a London organized a Permanent police forcePermanent police force

The police were called The police were called Bobbies after Peel’s first Bobbies after Peel’s first namename

Other major cities soon Other major cities soon followed London's leadfollowed London's lead

Development of SuburbsDevelopment of Suburbs

As cities grew, people moved to residential areas outside As cities grew, people moved to residential areas outside of the cities called suburbsof the cities called suburbs

In the US suburbs were connected to the city by a In the US suburbs were connected to the city by a streetcar or ferry streetcar or ferry

Suburbs later were developed around railroad lines and Suburbs later were developed around railroad lines and horse drawn bus lineshorse drawn bus lines

Suburbs main appeal is that they were less crowded and Suburbs main appeal is that they were less crowded and less noisy than living in the citiesless noisy than living in the cities

The people who could afford it lived in the suburbs and The people who could afford it lived in the suburbs and worked in the cities traveling between the twoworked in the cities traveling between the two

More cities created public transportation systems, but at More cities created public transportation systems, but at first only professionals could afford them and the factory first only professionals could afford them and the factory workers had to live within walking distance of workworkers had to live within walking distance of work

Diet and Food StorageDiet and Food Storage

Science and technology provided better methods of Science and technology provided better methods of preserving and transporting foodspreserving and transporting foods

Pasteurization killed off bacteria and refrigeration helped Pasteurization killed off bacteria and refrigeration helped to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria

They used refrigerated rail cars to transport meat, fruit, They used refrigerated rail cars to transport meat, fruit, and vegetables and vegetables

Scientists also discovered the importance of vitamins Scientists also discovered the importance of vitamins and minerals in the dietand minerals in the diet

As a result Life expectancy as well as population As a result Life expectancy as well as population increasedincreased

Growth of EducationGrowth of EducationIndustrialists wanted workers who could read and write Industrialists wanted workers who could read and write they needed engineers, scientists, and skilled they needed engineers, scientists, and skilled technicianstechniciansOthers believed that state-sponsored schools produced Others believed that state-sponsored schools produced patriotic citizenspatriotic citizensAlong with intelligent workers the military leaders wanted Along with intelligent workers the military leaders wanted more educated soldiers more educated soldiers Ordinary people also wanted an education thinking it Ordinary people also wanted an education thinking it would improve their children's chances at a better lifewould improve their children's chances at a better lifeAfter 1870 governments in the US and Europe passed After 1870 governments in the US and Europe passed laws requiring an education for all childrenlaws requiring an education for all childrenIn the US individual states levied taxes to support the In the US individual states levied taxes to support the schoolsschoolsMiddle class children went to high school and often Middle class children went to high school and often UniversitiesUniversities

Education for WomenEducation for Women

By the end of the 1800’s many schools offered a By the end of the 1800’s many schools offered a elementary education for girls but not much of a elementary education for girls but not much of a secondary educationsecondary educationIt was argued that the subjects in high school were not It was argued that the subjects in high school were not necessary or proper for womennecessary or proper for womenWhat secondary education there was focused on What secondary education there was focused on languages, literature, and home economics, not science, languages, literature, and home economics, not science, math, or philosophymath, or philosophyFew Collages admitted women in the 1800’s so collages Few Collages admitted women in the 1800’s so collages for women only started to appearfor women only started to appearThis spread of education had many positive effectsThis spread of education had many positive effectsPeople became more involved in government and People became more involved in government and because more people could read more books and because more people could read more books and newspapers were publishednewspapers were published

Effects of educationEffects of educationPeople started to read the newspaper more making People started to read the newspaper more making newspapers more important in peoples livesnewspapers more important in peoples lives

During the 1800’s they began to cover topics like politics, During the 1800’s they began to cover topics like politics, foreign affairs, art and scienceforeign affairs, art and science

Papers also began to criticize or support politicians or the Papers also began to criticize or support politicians or the government and political cartoons started to appeargovernment and political cartoons started to appear

New communication technology appeared like the telegraph, New communication technology appeared like the telegraph, allowing newspapers to print the latest news allowing newspapers to print the latest news

As newspapers grew so did the demand for editors and As newspapers grew so did the demand for editors and writerswriters

SportsSports

People had been involved in athletic events since People had been involved in athletic events since ancient timesancient timesIn the 1800’s they became more organizedIn the 1800’s they became more organizedFootball in Great Britain (soccer) was amoung one of the Football in Great Britain (soccer) was amoung one of the first professional spectator sportsfirst professional spectator sportsBoth Rugby and American football were derived from Both Rugby and American football were derived from soccersoccerBy the mid 1800’s soccer players were full time athletes By the mid 1800’s soccer players were full time athletes In the 1890’s bicycling began to gain in popularity and In the 1890’s bicycling began to gain in popularity and hundreds of manufacturers popped uphundreds of manufacturers popped upBaseball also became popular in the late 1800’s, it was Baseball also became popular in the late 1800’s, it was popular with soldiers in the civil war and in1860’s the popular with soldiers in the civil war and in1860’s the Cincinnati red stockings were formedCincinnati red stockings were formed

The ArtsThe Arts

Before, musicians had performed concerts in the homes Before, musicians had performed concerts in the homes of the rich, artists and sculptors produced their work for of the rich, artists and sculptors produced their work for the wealthythe wealthy

In the industrial age art and music became available to In the industrial age art and music became available to more peoplemore people

As demand increased so did the demand for concert As demand increased so did the demand for concert halls and museumshalls and museums

Vaudeville became a popular form of entertainment Vaudeville became a popular form of entertainment combining music, dialogue, dancing and singingcombining music, dialogue, dancing and singing

Art collections started to move from private homes to Art collections started to move from private homes to museumsmuseums

Public libraries also began to appear in cities like London Public libraries also began to appear in cities like London and Paris and Paris

Parks and Urban PlanningParks and Urban Planning

Crowded cities had few places for outdoor recreationCrowded cities had few places for outdoor recreation

Trains were often used to take families out to the country Trains were often used to take families out to the country for the dayfor the day

People began to demand public city parks for recreationPeople began to demand public city parks for recreation

By the end of the 1800’s many cities had playgrounds for By the end of the 1800’s many cities had playgrounds for childrenchildren

Large areas, like Central Park, were being set aside as Large areas, like Central Park, were being set aside as public parkspublic parks