Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs Lesson Four Psychoactive Drugs Pgs 603-610.
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Transcript of Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs Lesson Four Psychoactive Drugs Pgs 603-610.
Chapter 23Medicines and
Drugs
Lesson FourPsychoactive Drugs
Pgs 603-610
Psychoactive Drugs Psychoactive drugs are
chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain
Some psychoactive drugs are used for medicinal value under a doctor’s supervision
There are four main groups: stimulants, depressants, narcotics, and hallucinogens
Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that speed up the
central nervous system. Some stimulants have medical uses (such
as those that control hyperactivity) Cocaine, crack, amphetamines, and
methamphetamines are the most dangerous stimulants
Cocaine(Snow, Flake, Blow, Candy,
Rock)
Cocaine is a white powder extracted from the leaves of the coca plant (Benzoylmethyl Ecgonine)
Users experience a feeling of confidence and euphoria
Effects can last from 20 min to several hours
Cocaine Regular use can lead to
depression, fatigue, paranoia, and dependence
Can cause malnutrition and cardiac problems
When snorted, it can collapse the nasal septum
When injected, users can contract HIV or hepatitis B from infected needles
Overdosing can result in cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, seizures, and death
Crack Cocaine Crack is an even more
dangerous form of cocaine (cocaine + hydrochloride)
In its pure form, it reaches the brain in seconds after being smoked or injected
Provides a short, but intense euphoria
Once in the blood, the heart rate and blood pressure soars which can lead to cardiac or respiratory failure
Amphetamines (Benzedrine)(Speed, Bennies, Black
Beauties, Uppers)
Amphetamines are found in prescription medicines to reduce fatigue and suppress appetite
Some people use amphetamines illegally to stay awake, lose weight, or improve athletic performance
Regular use can result in twitching, irregular heartbeat, paranoia, and heart damage
Methamphetamine(Speed, Meth, Chalk, Ice,
Crystal, Crank) Meth is made from ephedrine, found in
common cold/allergy medicines Medically it is used to treat certain diseases
and obesity It is a white odorless powder easily dissolved
in alcohol or water It can provide a 12 hour euphoria. People feel
confident, courageous, tireless, and invincible Regular use can result in depression,
paranoia, damage to the CNS, increased heart rate, damage to brain cells, and death
Depressants(Flunitrazepan)
Depressants are sedatives that tend to slow down the central nervous system
Depressants relax muscles, relieve feelings of tension and worry, and cause drowsiness
Depressants include alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, rohypnol, and GHB
Barbiturates (Barbituric Acid)
Barbiturates are drugs that induce sleepiness They may be prescribed for medical purposes They are used illegally to produce a feeling of
intoxication When combined with alcohol they can result
in death
Tranquilizers(Phenothiazines & Benzodiazapines)
Tranquilizers are depressants that reduce muscular activity, coordination, and attention span.
They are prescribed by doctors to relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, sleeplessness, and nervousness.
When overused, physiological and psychological dependence occurs
Withdrawal causes severe shaking, coma, or death
Rohypnol (Flunitrazepan)(Date-Rape Drug)
Rohypnol is a club drug and is ten times stronger than tranquilizers
It looks like an aspirin tablet and dissolves easily into soft drinks
Victims often wake up with no recollection of what happened in the previous hours
GHBGammahydroxy Butyric
Acid GHB is produced naturally & synthetically Also used in date-rape crimes It is a club drug available as a clear liquid,
white powder, or tablet and capsule form The drug leaves the bloodstream quite
quickly making it difficult for emergency room personnel to determine that an overdose occurred
Narcotics Narcotics are specific drugs obtainable
only by prescription and are used to relieve pain
Opium, morphine, oxycontin, codeine, and heroin are narcotics
Narcotics cause euphoria, drowsiness, constipation shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, and death
They are highly addictive
Opium From the opium poppy Ancient civilizations
used opium for medicine and rituals
Used for pain relief and euphoria
Contains the alkaloid used to make morphine, codeine, and heroin
Highly addictive Can cause constipation,
respiratory problems, seizure, and coma
Morphine(Opium Alkaloid)
Made from opium Used medically as a
severe pain reliever High potential for
addiction and tolerance
Health risks include fatigue, anxiety, muscular/bone aches and pains, tremors, heart attack, and stroke
Codeine(Opium Alkaloid)
Made from opium Prescribed for mild to
moderate pain relief Treats cough, sore
throat, and irritable bowel syndrome
High doses = euphoria Can cause physical
dependence Health risks include
constipation, nausea, chills, pain, & respiratory depression
Heroin Heroin is a processed form
of morphine that is injected, snorted, or smoked
Used in UK for acute and agonizing pain
Heroin depresses the CNS and slows breathing and pulse
Users experience euphoria, relaxation,
Abuse can cause infection of the heart lining and valves
Pneumonia, HIV, and hepatitis B can result from the use of infected needles
Withdrawal can be very painful
Hallucinogens Hallucinogens are
drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell, and touch.
Hallucinogens include PCP, LSD, and Ketamine
PCP(Phencyclidine)
PCP is considered one of the most dangerous drugs
Effects include distorted sense of time and space, increased muscle strength, and inability to feel pain
Results in aggressive and violent behaviors
Overdoses of PCP can cause death, but death usually occurs because of the destructive behavior of people using PCP (e.g. burning in a fire because they don’t feel pain)
LSD LSD is a strong
hallucinogen and can distort perceptions of sound and color
Inanimate objects seem lifelike
Risk of convulsions, coma, heart and lung failure, and death
Users experience emotions ranging from euphoria to extreme panic and depression
Ketamine Ketamine is an anesthetic used for
medical purposes (usually treats animals) Ketamine is misused as a club drug, and is
sold as a white powder to be snorted or injected. Sometimes it is combined with marijuana or tobacco
It causes hallucinations and may result in death by respiratory failure
Ecstasy and Other Dangerous Drugs
(Designer Drugs) Designer drugs are
synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs
Designer drugs vary in potency and strength and can be 100 times stronger than the drug that they are imitating
Ecstasy (MDMA) Ecstasy is a
combination stimulant and hallucinogen
Creates euphoria, emotional excitement, and enhances sense of touch
Causes confusion, depression, paranoia, psychosis, and long-term damage to brain cells
Results in tremors, paralysis, heart attack, and irreversible brain damage
Consequences of Drug Use Drugs play a role in unsafe situations and
negative consequences Drug use leads to poor judgment which
puts teens at risk for unintentional injuries, motor vehicle accidents, violence, STD’s, unplanned pregnancies, and suicide
The best way to avoid drugs is to avoid places where drugs are used