Chapter 22Chapter 22The The

DiversityDiversity

of Lifeof Life

(V) Kingdom Animalia

9 Major Phyla:•Multicellular•Ingests food

http://home.teleport.com/~amobb/biology/animals.html

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html

(V) Kingdom Animalia

(V) Kingdom Animalia

(V) Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia

CHORDATES

Nematoda(round worms)

Molluska

Porifera(sponges)

Platyhelminthes(round worms)

Echinoderm(seastar) Annelid

(segmented worms)

Coelenterates (cnidaria)

ARTHROPODS

22.1 Overview of the Animal KingdomAnimals are defined by these characteristics:

1. Are multicellular (diploid) with tissues arranged into organs and organ systems.

2. Are aerobic and heterotrophic.

3. Reproduce sexually, and in some cases asexually, or both.

4. Most are motile during at least part of their life cycle.

5. Life cycles include a period of: embryonic development; germ tissue layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)

6. Are Vertebrates or Invertebrates

22.1 Overview of the Animal KingdomYour Turn to teach• Body Plans • Type of Gut • Tissue layers • Body Cavities • Segmentation

• Phylum Characteristics– Structurally

• Numbers of Species• Etc

Body SymmetryBody Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged

Body Symmetry

1. Asymmetry (sym =with, together, metry = measure) no pattern ,no central axis

2. Radial symmetry (radia = spoke, radius;) do have distinct top and bottom sides, but have no distinct left and right.

3. Bilateral symmetry (bi = two; later = side) do have distinct left and right sides,

Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged

Symmetry

Positional terminology

• anterior - toward the head

• posterior - toward the tail

• dorsal - back side

• ventral - belly side

Blastopore

One way Digestive System

Speciation

Insects

Chordates

Protists

InvertebratesA

rthr

opod

Population

Speciation

Insects

Population

Invertebrates1. Sponges2. Cnidarians -Coelenterates3. Flatworms - Platyhelminthes 4. Annelids–Segments Galore5. Mollusks, classes?6. Roundworms - Nematods7. Arthropods—The Most Successful Animals

• Crustaceans• Spiders • Insects

8. Echinoderms Vertebrates

• Chordates

Porifera•Sponges•Simplest of all animals•No true organ systems•8000 sp.•Sessile•Filter feeders•Asexual and sexually reproduction

Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)

• 11,000 sp.• Two cell layers thick• Hollow body cavity

with one opening.• Ex: Hydra, coral Jellyfish, anemone,Portuguese man of

war

Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)

Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)

Coral,

Jellyfish Sea anemone, hydra

Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)

• 15,000 sp.• Flatworms, tapeworms, flukes• Bi-laterally symmetrical • 3 layers(ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm,)• Have distinct functioning

systems. • Motile • Mostly parasitic • Predominantly hermaphroditic • Primitive gut or gut absent • Asexual and Hermaphrodites

Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)

Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)

http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/zoology/faculty/horn/b101/lectures/animdiv3/

Phylum: Nematoda, (roundworms)

Phylum: Nematoda, (roundworms)

•20,000 sp.•Roundworms, Trichnosis•Round unsegmented worms•Parasitic•Has a complex life cycle

Nematodes Life Cycle

                                                                 

      

                                                                 

      

.Introduction to Arthropods

. . . the REAL rulers of the Earth

• Segmented body• Jointed appendages (legs)• Exoskeleton (chitin)• Ex: Grasshopper Spiders Lobster, Shrimp,

Barnacles

Introduction to Arthropods

. . . the REAL rulers of the Earth.

Major Classes

Crustaceans

Insecta

Arachnida

Chilipoda

Diploda

                                                                  

Barnacles “Ouchies”

Annelids, Ex: Earthworm Leech, sandworm marine worm

• Worms with segmented bodies.

• Openings at both ends.

•One digestive System•Thin flexible cuticle covering the body allowing for flexible movement and gas exchange, •setae allow movement, 4pr/segment . •Approximately 15, 000 species •Hermaphrodites and separate sexes

Earthworms

Phylum Mollusks•soft bodied animals, •generally enclosed in a hard, protective shell. •The shell maybe one unit, two hinged together or even eight in a row•In most species this mantle covers and shelters its gills. •The body plan of a Mollusca is divided into:

• the head •strong muscular foot •visceral mass. organ systems are well developed

•Mollusks are also unique because of their specialized tongue called radulla.

Phylum Mollusks

• Gastropod: snails, slugs, nudibranch

• Chitons: chiton• Bivalves: oysters, clams• Cephalopod: Squid octopus,

                

     

Examples

Phylum Echinoderms (Spiny / skin)all starfish, sea urchins, sand dollar, sea cucumber

Brittle starSea Biscuit Sand $

sea cucumber

Phylum Echinoderms

•7000 species, 15000 including fossil records•calcareous endoskeleton composed of separate plates•radial symmetry •water vascular system ("tube feet") •decentralized nervous system •Regenerative, sexual and asexual•gut complete•Marine

Sun Star