Chapter 22Chapter 22

SW ASIASW ASIA

Religion, Politics and OilReligion, Politics and Oil

3 Religions in SW Asia3 Religions in SW Asia

Islam (Muslims) One God, AllahIslam (Muslims) One God, Allah

Muhammad messenger of AllahMuhammad messenger of Allah

Judaism (Jews) Monotheism – based on Judaism (Jews) Monotheism – based on the Old Testamentthe Old Testament

Christianity – New Testament – story of Christianity – New Testament – story of Jesus – founder of ChristianityJesus – founder of Christianity

ISLAMISLAM

Monotheistic religionMonotheistic religion

Based on the teaching of the founder Based on the teaching of the founder

Muhammad first recitations of the Muhammad first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th centuryin the 7th century

Five Pillars of IslamFive Pillars of Islam Faith (“no god but Allah)Faith (“no god but Allah)

Prayer (5 times a day)Prayer (5 times a day)

Charity (support less fortunate)Charity (support less fortunate)

Fasting (don’t eat or drink during Ramadan)Fasting (don’t eat or drink during Ramadan)

Pilgrimmage (to Mecca)Pilgrimmage (to Mecca)

GOVERNMENTS CONTROLLED GOVERNMENTS CONTROLLED BY THE MUSLIMSBY THE MUSLIMS

Theocratic – religious leaders control the Theocratic – religious leaders control the governmentgovernment

Government depends on religious lawsGovernment depends on religious laws

Often consult religious scholarsOften consult religious scholars

Ruhollah Khomeini

Iranian leader, called the Ayatollah (Arab., "gift of God," a religious title of honor), who led the revolution that toppled Muhammad Riza Shah Pahlavi in 1979.

WHO RULES WHO RULES SAUDI ARABIA?SAUDI ARABIA?

Saud familySaud family

OPECOPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesCountries

Helps member nations control world wide Helps member nations control world wide oil pricesoil prices

CHANGING MODES OF CHANGING MODES OF TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION

Cars, trucks, and cycles replace theCars, trucks, and cycles replace the

CamelCamel

MUSLIM SPIRITUAL MUSLIM SPIRITUAL TRADITIONTRADITION

Month of Ramadan – Muslims fast from Month of Ramadan – Muslims fast from dawn to sunsetdawn to sunset

July 9 to August 7July 9 to August 7thth (30 days) (30 days)

MECCAMECCA

Saudi Arabian city – Muslims holiest citySaudi Arabian city – Muslims holiest city

Muslims need to make a pilgrimage to Muslims need to make a pilgrimage to this holiest city of Islamthis holiest city of Islam

MOSQUEMOSQUE

Place of worship for MuslimsPlace of worship for Muslims

The Eastern MediterraneanThe Eastern MediterraneanSection 2Section 2

What are the monotheistic religionsWhat are the monotheistic religions

What role does Jerusalem play in this regionWhat role does Jerusalem play in this region

MONOTHEISTIC MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONSRELIGIONS

IslamIslam

JudaismJudaism

ChristianityChristianity

IMPORTANCE OF JERUSALEMIMPORTANCE OF JERUSALEM

Important part of each of their religious Important part of each of their religious historyhistory

Dome of the RockDome of the Rock

Dome of the RockDome of the Rock

a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from which Muhammad ascended through the  Muhammad ascended through the seven heavens to the throne of God: built seven heavens to the throne of God: built on the site of the Jewish Temple. on the site of the Jewish Temple.

Western Wall (Wailing Wall)Western Wall (Wailing Wall)

Western WallWestern Wall

a wall in Jerusalem where Jews, on a wall in Jerusalem where Jews, on certain occasions, assemble for prayer certain occasions, assemble for prayer and lamentation: traditionally believed to and lamentation: traditionally believed to be the remains of the western wall of be the remains of the western wall of Herod's temple, destroyed by the Herod's temple, destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D. Romans in 70 A.D.

CREATION OF ISRAELCREATION OF ISRAEL

Came about in the 1940’sCame about in the 1940’s

Jews needed a homeland after WWIIJews needed a homeland after WWII

EASTERN EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FOODSMEDITERRANEAN FOODS Pita breadPita bread

ChickenChicken

LambLamb

ZIONISMZIONISM

A movement that began in the 19A movement that began in the 19thth century to create and support a Jewish century to create and support a Jewish homeland in Palestinehomeland in Palestine

PALESTIAN LIBERATION PALESTIAN LIBERATION ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formed in the 1960’sFormed in the 1960’s

Formed to regain the land for Palestinian Formed to regain the land for Palestinian Arabs (Muslims)Arabs (Muslims)

PLO has used political and military means PLO has used political and military means to take possession of Arab land in Israelto take possession of Arab land in Israel

MESOPOTAMIAMESOPOTAMIA

““Land between two rivers”Land between two rivers”

Tigris and EuphratesTigris and Euphrates

TWO MAIN BRANCHES TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF ISLAM (in Iraq)OF ISLAM (in Iraq)

SunniSunni

ShiiteShiite

KURDSKURDS

They are a nation of people without a They are a nation of people without a land to legally occupyland to legally occupy

OIL RESOURCES FUELS OIL RESOURCES FUELS CLASHES OVER LANDCLASHES OVER LAND

Powerful nations want to control this Powerful nations want to control this resource and are willing to fight for themresource and are willing to fight for them

KuwaitKuwait

TALIBANTALIBAN

An extremist Muslim group in Afghanistan An extremist Muslim group in Afghanistan that imposed strict rules on people’s that imposed strict rules on people’s behaviorbehavior

Osama Bin Laden