Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes
description
Transcript of Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes
![Page 1: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes
![Page 2: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Viruses
![Page 3: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Where do viruses come from ?
![Page 4: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bacteriophage Replication
![Page 5: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
HIV Replication - Retrovirus
HIV_replication.swf
![Page 6: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What Do These Pictures Have in Common?
gov.mb.ca
k8science.org
gsbs.utmb.edunuclearfamilywarhead.com
![Page 7: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Brain Tissue
learn.genetics.utah.edu
![Page 8: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Protein Structure
new-science-press.com
![Page 9: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Prions
stanford.edu
Dr. Stanley Prusiner.
cmu.edu
![Page 10: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ViroidsConsist of short,
fragments of single-stranded RNA.
Only found in plants (so far).
Can interfere with plant’s metabolism, resulting in the plant being stunted or killed.
Ex. Potato spindle tuber
Left: normal potatoes; Right – infected potatoeswww.unece.org
![Page 11: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Prokaryotic Cells
Yersinia pestis – Bubonic Plague. science.nationalgeographic.com Clostridium botulism.
www.nih.gov
![Page 12: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Evolutionary History and Classification
![Page 13: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Prokaryotic Nutritional Modes
![Page 14: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Prokaryotic Body Plan
![Page 15: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Prokaryotic Cell Size and ShapeProkaryotic cells are
much smaller than eukaryotic cells (about the size of mitochondria)
Prokaryotes have three typical shapes:
http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/c8.27x3.bact.shapes.jpg, http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p2.wikispaces.com/Archaea
![Page 16: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Prokaryotic FissionEsherichia coli undergoing prokaryotic fission
![Page 17: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Conjugation
![Page 18: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bacterial Cell WallGram-positive
Bacteria Thick layer of
peptidoglycan (60-100%)
Gram-negative BacteriaThin layer of
peptidoglycan (10-20%)Has outer membrane
composed of mostly lipids (80-90%)
Gram-positive Bacteria
Gram-negative Bacteria
pathmicro.med.sc.edu
![Page 19: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Gram Stain Results
Gram-positive bacteria stains violet to blue.
Gram-negative bacteria stains pink to red.
homepage.ntlworld.com
![Page 20: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cyanobacteria
Anabaena. http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/fo42/anabaena.jpg
Oscillatoria. http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:LsEmj27QxYGiHM:http://botit.botany.wisc.edu
![Page 21: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Endospores
![Page 22: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Methanogenic Archaeans
0.5 µm
![Page 23: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Life in Extreme Environments
![Page 24: Chapter 21 Viruses and Prokaryotes](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815e07550346895dcc5a1f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The End