7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

1/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

2/40

21.1 Introduction Who was the president during the Civil War? Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860. Between 1820 and 1860, slavery becomes a major

issue and several compromises were made, endingonly in more problems.

5 years later

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

3/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

4/40

21.2 What Were the IssuesSurrounding Slavery?

Why was there no slavery north of the Ohio River? Northwest Ordinance of 1787 banned slavery north of the Ohio

River. What did Congress always try to keep equal? Congress had always tried to keep the number of slave states and

free states equal.

No Slaves

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

5/40

Why Was there a Problem withMissouri (1820)?

Whats the problem with the Ohio River being thedividing line b/t free and slave states?

Missouri wanted to be admitted as a slave state, butmost of it was north of where the Ohio River would be

(it was west of the Mississippi River). Raised thequestion: Should slavery be allowed in the LouisianaTerritory?

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

6/40

Most of Missouri is north of the OhioRiver

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

7/40

Why Was Congress Deadlocked? North had more votes in the House, but equal

representation in the Senate. Southerners could keepslavery legal with equal votes in Senate.

How? (What needs to happen to pass a bill?) What happens if MO enters as a free state? If MO entered as a free state, South would lose its

power in the Senate.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

8/40

21.3 What was the MissouriCompromise (1820)?

Whats a good compromise (Maine also wantsstatehood)?

Maine was admitted as a free state and MO was

admitted as a slave state. Clay comes up with compromise: North of the

36 30 slavery would be banned (except forMissouri).

The compromise pleased no one, but it quietedthe slavery debate for a while, and it kept thenumber of free states and slave states equal.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

9/40

The Missouri Compromise

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

10/40

21.4 Why Did the MissouriCompromise Unravel?

1836 Congress voted to table all anti-slaverypetitions. Abolitionists called this the gag rule.

This is a violation of which amendment?

Southerners demanded that Congress passfugitive slave laws to recapture runaways.Southerners thought helping a slave escape waslike robbing a bank.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

11/40

What Was TheUndergroundRailroad?

It was theroutes slavestook to escapeto the North.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

12/40

What About the Territories and CA(1846-1849)?

Wilmot Proviso: No slaves in territory fromMexico. Passed the House but rejected in theSenate.

Again, Congress was deadlocked on what todo when CA wanted to be admitted as a freestate in 1849.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

13/40

California admitted as a free state in1849

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

14/40

21.5 What Was the Compromise of 1850?

CA would be admitted as a free state. What happens to Utah and NM Territories? New Mexico and Utah would be open to slavery.

Slave trade would be banned in Washington, DC. Strong fugitive slave law.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

15/40

Before the compromise

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

16/40

After the compromise

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

17/40

The Compromise of 1850 wasaccepted.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

18/40

21.6 Why Didnt the CompromiseSatisfy Anyone?

Slave owners were furious that the law didntdo enough to ensure return of slaves.

Northerners felt the law made slave catchersof every citizen.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

19/40

What Was UncleToms Cabin ?

Written by HarrietBeecher Stowe.

What do you thinkits about? About a cruel

slaveholder namedLegree, and a slavenamed Uncle Tom.

The purpose of the

book was to turnpeople away fromslavery.

What Was UncleToms Cabin

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

20/40

What Was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

1854 the Kansas-Nebraska Act is passed. The Kansasand Nebraska Territories were allowed to decide forthemselves if they wanted slavery (popularsovereignty).

Pro and anti slavery settlers moved to Kansas. What do you think happened next? The 2 sides turned to violence. The South invaded

Lawrence (home of the anti-slavery government).

2 days later, John Brown and 7 men invaded a southerntown and killed 5 pro-slavers. The violence between pro and anti slavery forces

became known as Bleeding Kansas.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

21/40

Kansas-Nebraska Territory

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

22/40

Preston Brooks Beating Charles Sumner

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

23/40

What Was the Dred ScottDecision(1857)?

Dred Scott was a slave that was taken north after the MOCompromise, and argued that b/c of this he was a freeman.

Decision: Scott couldnt sue for his freedom b/c he wasnot a citizen. MO Compromise was unconstitutional.

Slavery would be allowed in the territories. Why was MO Compromise unconstitutional?

Dred Scott Chief Justice Roger B. Taney

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

24/40

Impact of the Dred Scott Case

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

25/40

How Did All of This Turn into a Crisis?

John Brown tried to seize a federal arsenal at HarpersFerry and arm slaves to incite a massive revolt. Thiswas quickly crushed and Brown was executed. Thismade a hero of Brown among abolitionists.

Lincoln elected in 1860. Ran on the Republican ticket,who were based on anti-slavery. Election showedhow divided the nation was over slavery.

South quickly began talking of secession.

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

26/40

John Browns Execution

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

27/40

How Did Secession Occur? Lincoln was prepared to let South have slaves, but

didnt want slavery extending into territories. South Carolina is first state to secede, 6 others

follow soon after. 1 month later, SC began shelling Ft. Sumter until

it surrendered. The Civil War had begun

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

28/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

29/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

30/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

31/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

32/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

33/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

34/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

35/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

36/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

37/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

38/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

39/40

7/29/2019 Chapter 21 Notes (21.1-21.5)

40/40