Chapter 20 Notes, part I
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Transcript of Chapter 20 Notes, part I
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Chapter 20 Notes, part IChapter 20 Notes, part IAcids and BasesAcids and Bases
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What are some common What are some common acids?acids?•Vinegar (acetic acid)•Carbonated drinks (carbonic
and phosphoric acid)•Citrus fruits (citric acid)•Car battery (sulfuric acid)
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What are some common What are some common bases?bases?•Milk of magnesia (an antacid
containing magnesium hydroxide)
•Many cleaning products (ammonia, etc)
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What properties do acids What properties do acids have?have?Acids tend to be:•Tart or sour tasting•In solution, they are an
electrolyte•They can cause chemical
dyes (called indicators) to change colors
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What properties do bases What properties do bases have?have?Bases tend to be:•Bitter tasting•Slippery feeling when
touched•Able to neutralize an acid
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• SaltsSalts are ionic compounds formed from a cation (other than H+)and an anion (other than OH-).
any ionic compound that is not classified as an acid or base. taste
salty!
• ElectrolytesElectrolytes are substances that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
electricity is the flow of electrons (e-). cations (+) allow (-) e- to flow through water.
• There are three classes of electrolytes… acids, bases and salts!
• Good electrolytes ionize (dissociate) completely (100%) in water. HNO3, HCl, NaOH and KOH all ionize
completely
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So what So what ISIS an acid? an acid?
An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
The formula would be HaX, where X is any monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the anion’s charge.
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Obj. 5-6…Acid Nomenclature• Two types of acids…binary and ternary
• Binary acids (two capital letters)… ‘hydro______ic acid’
HF = hydrofluoric acidhydrofluoric acid H2S =
hydrosulfuric acidhydrosulfuric acid• Ternary acids (three or more capital letters)…
‘ate – ic / ite – ous’
NO HYDRO!!!
anions ending in ‘ate’ change to ‘ic’…anions ending in ‘ite’ change to ‘ous’! H2SO4 =
sulfuric acidsulfuric acid
sulfate
HNO2 = nitrous acidnitrous acidnitrite
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Obj. 5-6 cont…• To write formulas for acids…
formula starts with H
look at oxidation #s to see if subscripts are needed
prefix ‘hydro’ = only 2 capital letters no ‘hydro’ = H + polyatomic ion (ate – ic / ite – ous)
oxalic acid = HH+1+1 and C and C22OO44 -2 -2
==
Ex… HH22CC22OO44
hydroiodic acid =
HH+1+1 and I and I -1 -1
== HIHI
sulfurous acid = HH+1+1 and SO and SO3 3 -2 -2
== HH22SOSO33
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Naming an acidNaming an acid
When the name of the anion (X) ends in –ide, the name begins with hydro-, then the stem of the anion, then the name ends with –ic acid instead of -ide.
When the name of the ion ends in –ite, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ous acid instead of –ite.
When the name of the ion ends in –ate, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ic acid instead of-ate.
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Then what is a base?Then what is a base?
A base is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when in solution.
Bases are named the same way that an ionic compound would be named.
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Name the following acids and bases:
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HClO3
Chloric Acid
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H3PO4Phosphoric Acid
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HFHydrofluoric Acid
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HNO3Nitric Acid
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KOHPotassium Hydroxide
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H2SO4Sulfuric Acid
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Ba(OH)2Barium Hydroxide
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HCNHydrocyanic Acid
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H3PO3
Phosphorous Acid
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HClO4
Perchloric Acid
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HBrHydrobromic Acid
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H2CO3
Carbonic Acid
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Al(OH)3Aluminum Hydroxide
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Write the formula for the following acids and
bases:
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Hydrochloric AcidHCl
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Barium HydroxideBa(OH)2
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Sulfuric AcidH2SO4
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Phosphorous AcidH3PO3
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Sodium Hydroxide
NaOH
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Hydroiodic AcidHI
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Nitrous AcidHNO2
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Ammonium Hydroxide
NH4OH
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Chromic AcidH2CrO4
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Permanganic AcidHMnO4
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Hydrobromic AcidHBr
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Lithium Hydroxide
LiOH
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Nitric AcidHNO3
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Thiocyanic AcidHSCN