Chapter 20: Digestive System
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Transcript of Chapter 20: Digestive System
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Chapter 20: Digestive System
Chapter 21: Urinary System
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Functions of Digestion Ingest food Break down food in to small
molecules: Mechanical digestion- Chemical digestion –
Absorption Elimination
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Carbohydrates Include sugars and their polymers Monomer is the monosaccharide Include 3 – 7 carbons with the –OH
group being present on each carbon except one, which is double bonded to an oxygen (carbonyl group)
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Lipids A group of polymers that have
one characteristic in common, they do not mix with water. They are hydrophobic.
Some important groups are fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Enzymes Increase speed of
chemical reactions - catalyst
A protein Can change
shape if conditions are not favorable.
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Alimentary Canal Hollow tube that begins at the mouth,
ends at the anus Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum
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A. Mouth Forms a bolus Chemical digestion
– mucous, amylase (break down carbs)
Mechanical digestion: chewing
• Roof of mouth: Hard palate Soft palate
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Tongue and Taste Lingual frendulum
– attaches tongue to floor of mouth
Taste buds: Papillae:
elevations on tongue
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Salivary Glands Saliva – water
mucous, amalase Parotid – front of
and below ears. (mumps)
Sublingual submandibular
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B.Pharynx Region between mouth and
esophagus “throat” Function – swallowing Epiglottis – blocks larynx Uvula – back of throat
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C. Esophagus3. Lined by mucous
membrane and smooth muscle
4. Peristalsis – involuntary contraction of esophagus
5. Heartburn – (acid reflux)
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Esophagus Continued
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D. Stomach Stores food and
digests protein Rugae – folds
inside stomach Ulcers
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Stomach Continued Gastric Juice –
produces Chyme Pepsin – enzyme that
digests protein HCL – kills bacteria,
breaks down food, Intrinsic factor –
absorption of B12. Mucous – softens food Gastrin – hormone
that causes gastric juice to be released.
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E. Small Intestine Function- receives secretions from
the liver, pancreas and absorption of nutrients.
Lined with Villi – furry looking, absorption, increase surface area
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F. Large Intestine Function – absorb
water, produce feces
E.coli bacteria present
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Disorders of Large Intestine
Diarrhea – Constipation – Appendicitis – Diverticuloisis – colon cancer
Colonoscopy
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Part 2: Digestive System
Accessory organs – food does not pass through
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1. Pancreas Secretes Sodium Bicarbonate and
enzymes to digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
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2. Liver – Largest gland Storage of glucose as
glycogen Destruction of old red
blood cells – this creates bilirubin
Production of bile Plasma proteins Detoxification of blood Storage of iron and
other vitamins
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Liver Lobule Anatomy Functional unit of
the liver. Blood travels from
small intestine – hepatic portal vein – to various liver lobules.
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3. Liver Disorders Hepatitis – inflammation of the
liver due to contaminated drinking water, sexual transmission, or blood transfusion
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Cirrhosis of liver Cirrhosis – chronic
disease due to excessive amount of alcohol. Liver becomes fatty tissue.
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Jaundice Jaundice –
yellowish tint due to large amounts of bilirubin in blood.
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C. Gallbladder Storage of bile – emulsifies fats
and neutralize acids
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Chapter 21
Excretory system
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Structures of Urinary System
1. 2 kidneys 2. 2 ureters –
tube that leads to bladder
3. Bladder – stores urine
4. Urethra – tube for eliminating urine
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Structure of Kidney Renal cortex –
outer layer, filtration Renal medulla –
middle layer, filtration, absorption
Renal pelvis – urine collection and transport
Renal artery - Renal vein -
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Functions of Kidney
I.
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Kidney Function – filter blood that has collected wastes from cells.
A. Excrete waste – urea, uric acid, creatine, ammonium
B. Maintain blood volume – regulating water excretion
C. monitor electrolytes in blood D. monitor blood pH E. secrete Renin – enzyme to help
maintain blood pressure F. stimulates red blood cell production
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Lipids A group of polymers that have
one characteristic in common, they do not mix with water. They are hydrophobic.
Some important groups are fats, phospholipids, and steroids.