The Urban U. S. Immigrants, Exploiters, Professionals, & Do-Gooders, 1865-1914.
Chapter 20: An Urban Society 1865-1914
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Transcript of Chapter 20: An Urban Society 1865-1914
Chapter 20: An Urban Society
1865-1914The New ImmigrantsWhat were some characteristics of the new wave of immigrants that arrived after 1865?
The “OLD” Immigrants
Before 1865: Mainly Northern and Western Europeans
After 1900: Eastern and Southern Europeans began arriving .
Differences: Religion (many Catholics and Jews), non-English speaking, looked different
Also: Other groups arrive- Mexicans, Chinese, Japanese
Leaving Troubles Behind- Push/Pull Factors
“Push” factors:Economic troubles: poverty, joblessness, overcrowding, crop failures, not owning land, new machines replace workersPersecution: laws or policies passed against certain ethnic groups
“Pull” factors
Opportunity: A place of jobs, plentiful land, and better life
Settling in America: Seeking Opportunity
• Journey: Travel – two weeks across Atlantic Ocean,or several weeks across Pacific Ocean, usually in steerage
Eastern/Southern Europeans• -In East: Castle Garden/Ellis Island
(1892) 1st stop
Asians• In West: Angel Island
(San Francisco)
What happened there?• 1st step: ferry to the island• 2nd step: Examiners record names,
country of origin, occupation, relatives in U.S.
• 3rd step: Health examinationWhat if you didn’t pass the inspection?You may be sent back to your homeland,
or you may be sent to the hospital complex on Ellis Island
The Immigrant Experience
• Jobs- settled where they found workExamples:
-factories (mills, steel, clothing, etc)-sweatshops-general laborers
Becoming Americans: Adjusting to America
•Melting PotBlending called assimilation: process of becoming part of the American culture
Building Communities
• Ethnic neighborhoods develop-immigrants settled with people of same culture (language, religion, experiences) LITTLE ITALY
Chinatown
The Nativist Movement
• Immigration caused prejudice; led to restrictions-immigrants blamed for problems
• 1882: Chinese Exclusion Act:Prohibited Chinese workers from entering the United States for 10 years
• Immigration Act of 1917: Literacy Requirement-Had to read or write in some language