Chapter 2: Utah’s GeologyChapter 2: Utah’s Geology

The Ice AgeThe Ice Age

Bell Activity

Read page 36-37, answer the questions on the back of the tan paper, also answer questions 19-24 on your study guide.

If you finish these questions early, work on the rest of your study guide. It is homework unless you find time during school to get it done!!

Where should your backpack be?

This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!

Today we will be learning about…

Social Studies Objective – We will be able to explain what the environment of Utah was like during the Ice Age and how that time period affects us today.

Behavior Objective – Courtesy & Respect: Your behavior does not cause a problem for others or for yourself.

Language Objective – We will listen to the presentation and use the information we gather to write an essay outline.

PostersAs long as your

poster has all the information it should, you can design it how you want.

For those of us who like a little guidance, here is what your first poster might look like…

Cenozoic Era

We will watch a short video about the era, then read a short description of it, and finally, talk about what happened in Utah at this time.

Cenozoic Part 2

Percentage of Time:Deep time demonstration

Hadean 17.5%Archaen 28.5%Proterozoic 42%

Paleozoic 7%Mesozoic 4%Cenozoic 1%

Let’s see how much of Earth’s geologic history was taken up by this era.

If we converted the whole history of the earth into a timeline 5 feet long, how much of line would the Cenozoic Era take up. (Math!!! 60 inches x 17.5% = _______ inches)

Let’s workRead with your group

about the era in your folders.

Choose the five most important events of the era.

Choose the event you think was the most important and explain why it was.

Then fill out the section about cool organisms of the era.

Most 5 cool events important or facts written

in completesentences

picture

3+ cool living What is organisms happening in and a picture Utah?Of them

Utah is an environment that has been shaped by many natural forces.

The Ice Age

The last major event that shaped the world, and Utah, occurred 10,000-20,000 years ago.

At this time the world was engulfed in an ice age.

Ice Ages Ice Ages Throughout Throughout Geologic Geologic TimeTime

12°22° 17°Average Global Temperature (0C)

Ice Age

Ice Age

Ice Age

Ice Age

Figure modified after C.R. Scotese

PALEOMAP Project (www.scotese.com)

Quaternary

Glacier Maximum

Over thousands of years the ice grew, covering much of present day North America.

Then about 18,000 years ago, the massive glaciers began to recede.

The Ice Agein Utah

Although the ice sheets did not cover Utah, there is evidence of the ice age all across the state.

Glaciers were prevalent in the mountains.

When they receded they left basins filled with water.

These basins are an important source of water and recreation in the state.

Tony Grove

At Tony Grove in Logan Canyon, there is evidence everywhere of a glacier being present and shaping the land.

Glacial ErraticsGlacial Erratics

Voyageurs National Voyageurs National Park, MinnesotaPark, Minnesota

Denali National Denali National Park, AlaskaPark, Alaska PersonPerson

Glacial Polish and GroovesGlacial Polish and Grooves

Grooves and polish Grooves and polish on bedrockon bedrock

Glacier National Park, Glacier National Park, MontanaMontana

Striations

Erratics & Scouring

Boulders are scattered around the land leading to the lake.

The rocks around the lake have deep scrapes from heavy ice and boulders rubbing the surface.

Holgate Glacier, AlaskaHolgate Glacier, Alaska

Lake in a U-valley

The valley the lake is in is called a cirque.

The rock amphitheatre around the lake was carved by the thick snow and ice.

Other lakes in the area were formed in the same way.

Wellsville Mountains

You can also see evidence of glaciers in the mountains that surround Cache Valley.

The benches are also evidence of an ice age.

Glacial Cirque

Lake Lake Bonneville and Bonneville and Ice Coverage Ice Coverage in Utah During in Utah During the Late the Late PleistocenePleistocene~18,000 years ago~18,000 years ago

LakeLakeBonnevilleBonneville

Uinta Uinta MountainsMountains

WasatchWasatchRangeRange

The Rise The Rise and Fall and Fall of Lake of Lake BonnevillBonnevillee

Bonneville LevelBonneville Level18,000 years ago18,000 years ago Gilbert LevelGilbert Level

12,000 years ago12,000 years ago

Provo LevelProvo Level17,000 years ago17,000 years ago

Stansbury LevelStansbury Level24,000 years ago24,000 years ago

Hydrograph of Lake

Bonneville

Great SaltGreat SaltLake todayLake today

Great Salt LakeGreat Salt LakeTodayToday

OgdenOgden

DeltaDelta

NephiNephi

ProvoProvo

Salt LakeSalt Lake

UT

ID

NV

Red Red Rock Rock PassPass

Bonneville Salt FlatsBonneville Salt Flats

Provo Provo ShorelineShoreline

BonnevilleBonnevilleShorelineShoreline

SaltSalt

BonnevilleBonnevilleShorelineShoreline

~18,000 years ago~18,000 years agoOgdenOgden

DeltaDeltaNephiNephi

ProvoProvo

Salt LakeSalt Lake

UT

ID

NV

Red Red Rock Rock PassPass

Point of the Mountain

ShorelineShorelines of Lake s of Lake BonnevillBonneville at e at Antelope Antelope IslandIsland

ProvoProvoStansburyStansbury

GilbertGilbert

BonnevilleBonneville

Unnamed shoreline

Unnamed shoreline

Bonneville Bonneville Shoreline at Shoreline at Point of the Point of the MountainMountain

ParaglidersParagliders

Modern Modern Barrier Bar Barrier Bar

and Spitand Spit

Lake Lake BonnevilleBonnevilleBarrier Bar Barrier Bar

and Spitand Spit

Kiawah Island, Kiawah Island, South CarolinaSouth Carolina

Stockton Bar, UtahStockton Bar, Utah

Lake BonnevilleLake BonnevilleDeep-Water SedimentsDeep-Water Sediments

Sedimentlayers fromlayers fromLakeLakeBonnevilleBonneville

Bonneville Cutthroat Trout

Known Distribution

Today are isolated in streams that once drained into Lake Bonneville.

The Lake Bonneville flood

At Red Rock pass in Idaho, the waters of Lake Bonneville broke through a barrier of land and the resulting flood carved much of the Snake River valley.

Over the course of several weeks, the lake drained to the Provo level.

ShorelineShorelines of Lake s of Lake BonnevillBonneville at e at Antelope Antelope IslandIsland

ProvoProvoStansburyStansbury

GilbertGilbert

BonnevilleBonneville

Unnamed shoreline

Unnamed shoreline

Life in Utah at the end of the Ice Age

Utah’s Giant Ice Age Birds

Teratornis-

“giant condor”

Teratornis skeleton

Endangered California Condor Teratornis skull

Ice Age Elephants

Mammoth Mastodon

Detail from Joseph S. Venus mural, College of Eastern Utah (CEU) Prehistoric Museum, Price, Utah

The Huntington Mammoth

(Mammathus columbi) skeleton at the CEU Prehistoric Museum

Mammoth & Elephants vs. Mastodons

Columbian Mammoth (M. columbi)

American Mastodon (Mammut americanum)

Elephants and mammoths have high skulls, while mastodons have low skulls.

Elephants and mammoths have low, highly enfolded teeth for grazing, while mastodons have high crested teeth for browsing leaves.

Elephants and mammoths are tall, while mastodons are shorter with more massive bodies.

Saber-toothed Cat

Skeletal reconstruction and detail from

Joseph S. Venus mural, CEU Prehistoric

Museum, Price, Utah

Smilodon fatalis

Giant Ground Sloth

Skeletal reconstruction and detail from Joseph S. Venus mural, CEU Prehistoric Museum, Price, Utah

Other Extinct Ice Age Mammals

Extinct Musk Ox

Extinct Long-Horned Bison

Camels, together with native horses, went extinct in North America at the end of the Ice Age

Ice Age Land Bridges and Mammal Migrations

Ice Age Animal – Size Comparisons

American Lion

Mammoth

Sabertooth Cat

These and other animals went extinct at the end of the ice age.

Many people have tried to explain why, but (just like with the dinosaurs) there are many theories that are plausible.

One of them involves new comers on to the scene in Utah…humans.

Giant Armadillo

Let’s work

Check your work for completeness and accuracy.

Essay practice: Let’s use what we have just learned to create an essay

outline.How do natural forces shape our environment?

Then close your paragraph by restating your main idea.

Truly, Utah's landscape has been shaped by many natural forces.

? ?

Plate movement(Examples?)

? ?

Water(Examples?)

? ?

Wind(Examples?)

Main IdeaUtah has been and is shaped in many ways by different natural forces.

(What are some of the things we have talked about that have changed Utah's environment?)

Now try it for yourself.

The Ice Age in Utah

Example 1

Conclusion(Restate the main idea)

Example 2 Example 3

How did the Ice Age shape Utah's landscape?(Give three exampls of these changes.)

Bell Activity

Read page 35 and answer questions 16-19 on your study guide.

If you finish these questions early, work on the rest of your study guide. It is homework unless you find time during school to get it done!!

Where should your backpack be?

This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!