Chapter 2

The Properties of Matter

Section 1: What is Matter?

• Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space– Examples: air, water, books, hair, pencil, etc.

• Volume – the amount of space an object takes up; all matter has volume– Different objects cannot occupy the same

space at the same time.

Volume

• The volume of a liquid is measured in Liters (L). Small volumes are measured in milliliters (mL). Large volumes are measured in kiloliters (kL).

• Liquid volume is measured using a graduated cylinder (graduate).

• Measure liquid volume at the bottom of the meniscus (curved surface of the liquid).

Volume

• The volume of solid objects is measured in cubic centimeters (cm3).

• The volume of a regularly shaped object is measured using a metric ruler.

• The volume of regularly shaped solid objects is found by multiplying

length x width x heightlength x width x height

Volume

• Some objects, like rocks, are irregularly shaped, so you cannot find volume by multiplying length x width x height.

• Instead, use the water displacement method. Place a measured amount of water into a graduate. Place the solid object into the water. Notice that the water level rises. Find the difference in the water level. This is the volume of the object.

For Your Information

1 mL = 1 cm3

Mass

• Mass – the amount of matter in an object• The more matter in an object, the more mass the

object has.• Mass is measured in grams (g). Small masses

are measured in milligrams (mg). Large masses are measured in kilograms (kg).

• Mass is measured using a triple beam balance.

Weight

• Weight – the measure of the pull of gravity on an object– Gravity is a force of attraction between two

objects.

• Weight is a force, so it is measured in Newtons (N).

• Weight is measured using a spring scale.

Mass vs. Weight

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

• The more mass an object has, the more gravity pulls, and so the more weight it has.

• Mass DOES NOT CHANGE with location. Mass stays the same! If you go to the moon your mass stays the same even though you weigh less.

• Weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object.

• The more gravity, the more weight.

• Weight can change with location. You weigh more on Earth than you would on the moon because of a change in the amount of gravity.

Inertia

• Inertia – the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.

• If an object is in motion it will resist stopping. If an object is stopped, it will resist moving. Inertia is NOT a force.

• The more mass an object has the greater its inertia.

• http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3493831395462934634&q=inertia&total=1171&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=1