Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life Section 1 - Matter and ... · Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life...
Transcript of Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life Section 1 - Matter and ... · Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life...
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Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life
Section 1 - Matter and Organic Compounds
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What are we made of?
Cells
Cells are made of?
Matter - Anything takes up space, has mass
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Elements vs Atoms
An atom is the smallest amount of an element
Gold is an ELEMENT
The least I could have is ONE ATOM of gold
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Elements vs Atoms
An atom is the smallest amount of an element
Gold is an ELEMENT
The least I could have is ONE ATOM of gold
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Elements cannot be broken down
92 natural Over 100 total
Element Song on iPad
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Compound vs MoleculeIonic Covalent
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1 If I took a copper coin and kept breaking it down until I had the smallest thing that makes up the coin what would I have?
A Atom
B Compound
C Ion
D Molecule
E Elements
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2 Hydrogen likes to exist as two hydrogens bonded together. This is an example of a(n)
A Atom
B Compound
C Ion
D Molecule
E Element
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Organic Compounds
Chemicals of living things
Contain Carbon
These chemicals are considered macromolecules because they are quite large
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4 types of macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
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Carbohydrates
Sugars
Store Energy Fruits, Vegetables, Grains
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Carbohydrates made of repeating units called monosaccharides
Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Provide Energy Fast
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Polysaccharides
Chains of simple sugars
Used to store energy
Starch - Plants
Glycogen - Animals
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Lipids
Oil and fat
Difference?
Make up cell membranes!
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Saturated Fat vs Unsaturated Fat
straight
bent
- store closely together- animals use to store energy
solid
liquid
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Types of Lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Energy!
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Proteins
Made of chains of amino acids
We get our amino acids to make proteins from what we eat!
Vegetarians?
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Protein Structure
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Enzymes Antibodies
Muscle fiber
Why are Proteins important?
Maintains cell shape
Hormones Hemoglobin
LOTS of reasons!
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Nucleic Acids
Made up of nucleotides
DNA (deoxyribenucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Stores genetic information
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Building blocks of DNA
Nucleotides (4)
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
A & T C & GComplementary Base Pairing
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A & T C & GComplementary Base Pairing
"Double Helix"
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3 When you eat meat you are eating mostly what?
A Carbohydrates
B Proteins
C Lipids
D Nucleic Acids
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4 The scientific name for fats is __________?
A Carbohydrates
B Proteins
C Lipids
D Nucleic Acids
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5 When eating vegetables, fruits, and grains you are primarily eating __________.
A Carbohydrates
B Proteins
C Lipids
D Nucleic Acids
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Section 2 - Biochemical Reactions
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Chemical Reactions
Reactants are CHANGED into Products
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Na + Cl NaCl
All atoms (matter) are conserved!
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Exothermic vs Endothermic Reactions
Exothermic releases heat
Endothermic absorbs heat (requires heat)
Means it would feel colder
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Exothermic = catabolic in organisms
Endothermic = anabolic in organisms
break down molecules, release energy
build up molecules from smaller ones
Metabolism all reactions in your body
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All reactions must be started
This requires energy
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Enzymes lower activation energy required
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How do enzymes work?
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Enzymes are affected by:
temperature pH
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Section 3 - Water, Acids, and Bases
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Water is a very unique inorganic molecule
Polar - no overall charge, but charged "areas"
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Water is an effective solvent.
The polar aspect of water pulls and hold onto ionic compounds
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Water "sticks" to many surfaces
This is called adhesion
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Capillarity - Water moves up small cylinders
Due to polarity water molecules stick to themselves (cohesion�
Called hydrogen bonding
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Acids and Bases