Chapter 2Chapter 2

The American Colonies The American Colonies EmergeEmerge

Who were the Who were the conquistadoresconquistadores??• Spanish word for Spanish word for

conquerors.conquerors.

• Came in search of Came in search of gold and silvergold and silver..

• Landed in Mexico Landed in Mexico and the Americas.and the Americas.

• 3 G’s: Gold, Glory, 3 G’s: Gold, Glory, and Godand God

Who was Who was Hernando Hernando Cortes?Cortes?• Explorer who landed Explorer who landed

in Mexico (1519)in Mexico (1519)• Conquered Aztecs and Conquered Aztecs and

took their gold.took their gold.• Took over Aztec Took over Aztec

capital (Tenochtitlan)capital (Tenochtitlan)• Used biological Used biological

warfare with blankets warfare with blankets (small pox)(small pox)

• Built New Spain (new Built New Spain (new capital called Mexico capital called Mexico City)City)

What was the What was the social social structure like in New structure like in New SpainSpain??• Most who settled New Most who settled New

Spain were menSpain were men..

• Married American Married American Indian women and Indian women and created created mestizosmestizos (part (part Spanish/American Spanish/American Indian)Indian)

• Encomienda systemEncomienda system- - American Indian slave American Indian slave labor system for the labor system for the Spanish.Spanish.

Who settled Who settled New Mexico?New Mexico?

• Juan Ponce De LeonJuan Ponce De Leon-- explored Floridaexplored Florida. . Established St. Augustine.Established St. Augustine.

• Other Spanish explorers Other Spanish explorers settled in the Southwest settled in the Southwest with with missionariesmissionaries (convert American (convert American Indians to Christianity)Indians to Christianity)

• Formed Formed Congregaciones Congregaciones to force American Indians to force American Indians to adopt Christianity and to adopt Christianity and European ways.European ways.

How did How did American Indians American Indians rebel?rebel?• Spanish destroyed Spanish destroyed

objects sacred to objects sacred to American Indians.American Indians.

• 16801680- Pope led a - Pope led a rebellion against the rebellion against the Spanish. (Pope Rebellion Spanish. (Pope Rebellion or Pueblo Revolt )or Pueblo Revolt )

• 17,000 American Indians 17,000 American Indians rebelled all over New rebelled all over New Mexico.Mexico.

• New Spain would not be New Spain would not be reconquered for 14 more reconquered for 14 more years.years.

What happened at What happened at Jamestown?Jamestown?• First permanent British First permanent British

colony in the New colony in the New World (1607)World (1607)

• John SmithJohn Smith was the was the founder.founder.

• Joint stock companyJoint stock company- - investors who investors who wanted wanted to get rich.to get rich.

• Most settlers starved Most settlers starved because they did not because they did not find food.find food.

• Powhatan IndiansPowhatan Indians helped early settlers.helped early settlers.

Jamestown (Continued)Jamestown (Continued)• John RolfeJohn Rolfe- - saved saved

Jamestown with his crop Jamestown with his crop of tobacco (brown gold) of tobacco (brown gold) Married Married PocahontasPocahontas..

• Headright systemHeadright system- - each person who came each person who came to Jamestow would to Jamestow would receive 50 acres of land.receive 50 acres of land.

• Indentured servantsIndentured servants- - in exchange for passage in exchange for passage had to work for 4-7 had to work for 4-7 years.years.

• 16191619- - First Africans First Africans arrive in Virginiaarrive in Virginia

How did How did English colonists English colonists treat American Indians?treat American Indians?• No desire to intermarryNo desire to intermarry

with American Indians.with American Indians.• Colonists needed more Colonists needed more

land and wanted to take land and wanted to take it by force.it by force.

• Royal colonyRoyal colony- - colonies colonies were under the control were under the control of King rather than by a of King rather than by a company.company.

• Disregarded American Disregarded American Indian culture.Indian culture.

Who held the Who held the power in power in Virginia?Virginia?• Wealthy landowners had Wealthy landowners had

the powerthe power..• Freed indentured Freed indentured

servants had little land servants had little land with no rights and no with no rights and no protection from Indians.protection from Indians.

• Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion- - raised an army to fight raised an army to fight American Indians and American Indians and also rebelled against the also rebelled against the government of government of Jamestown led by Jamestown led by Governor Berkeley (class Governor Berkeley (class struggle)struggle)

What was the What was the House of House of Burgesses?Burgesses?• First colonial First colonial

legislature in the legislature in the New World (early New World (early 1600’s)1600’s)

• First in First in Williamsburg, VAWilliamsburg, VA

Why did Why did PuritansPuritans come to come to America?America?• Religious freedom Religious freedom

(wanted to purify (wanted to purify the Church)the Church)

• Every person could Every person could experience God experience God through the Bible, through the Bible, faith, and prayer.faith, and prayer.

Who were the Who were the Separatists?Separatists?

• Also know as the Also know as the PilgrimsPilgrims

• Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact- - established self-established self-governmentgovernment

• Wanted to leave the Wanted to leave the Church of England and Church of England and form own form own congregation.congregation.

• Founded Plymouth Founded Plymouth Colony in 1620.Colony in 1620.

What was the What was the Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay ColonyColony like? like?• Founded by Puritans in Founded by Puritans in

1630 (Boston area)1630 (Boston area)

• Founded by John Founded by John WinthropWinthrop

• All adult male All adult male members of the Church members of the Church could votecould vote

• Emphasis on Church Emphasis on Church and familyand family

• Stressed a hard work Stressed a hard work ethic and educationethic and education

Why did some Puritans Why did some Puritans leave Massachusetts Bay leave Massachusetts Bay Colony?Colony?• Puritans did not allow Puritans did not allow

others with different others with different beliefs to practice their beliefs to practice their views.views.

• Roger WilliamsRoger Williams- was - was supportive of American supportive of American Indians and founded Indians and founded Rhode Island for Rhode Island for religious freedom.religious freedom.

• Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson- - argued that one could argued that one could study the Bible on their study the Bible on their own without a minister. own without a minister. Moved to RI.Moved to RI.

Why did some Puritans Why did some Puritans leave Massachusetts Bay leave Massachusetts Bay Colony?Colony?• Puritans did not allow Puritans did not allow

others with different others with different beliefs to practice their beliefs to practice their views.views.

• Roger WilliamsRoger Williams- was - was supportive of American supportive of American Indians and founded Indians and founded Rhode Island for Rhode Island for religious freedom.religious freedom.

• Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson- - argued that one could argued that one could study the Bible on their study the Bible on their own without a minister. own without a minister. Moved to RI.Moved to RI.

How did How did Puritans treat Puritans treat American Indians?American Indians?• At first, Puritans were At first, Puritans were

friendly with American friendly with American Indians.Indians.

• Tensions grew as Tensions grew as Puritans tried to Puritans tried to convert Indians.convert Indians.

• Pequot War (1637Pequot War (1637)- )- In In Connecticut Pequots Connecticut Pequots were destroyed by were destroyed by settlers.settlers.

• King Philip’s War King Philip’s War (1675)-(1675)- English English defeated Metacom.defeated Metacom.

What were the What were the New New England coloniesEngland colonies known known for?for?• Founded for Founded for

religious reasonsreligious reasons

• Mayflower Mayflower CompactCompact

• Fishing, Fishing, shipbuilding, shipbuilding, commercecommerce

• Emphasis on Emphasis on educationeducation

Who were Who were Roger Williams Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson?and Anne Hutchinson?• Roger WilliamsRoger Williams- -

founded Rhode founded Rhode Island for religious Island for religious freedom.freedom.

• Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson- - banished from Mass. banished from Mass. Bay for saying Bay for saying people can interpret people can interpret Bible for Bible for themselves.themselves.

Who settled in Who settled in New New NetherlandNetherland??• Founded by the Founded by the

Dutch in 1621.Dutch in 1621.

• Present day Albany Present day Albany and New York Cityand New York City

• Diverse colony Diverse colony

Who were the Who were the Quakers?Quakers?

• Founded Founded Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (William Penn)(William Penn)

• Friendly towards Friendly towards American IndiansAmerican Indians

• Biggest city was Biggest city was PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

• Diverse colonyDiverse colony

What were the What were the Middle Middle ColoniesColonies for? for?• Diverse racial, Diverse racial,

ethnic, and ethnic, and religious groupsreligious groups

• Centers of tradeCenters of trade

• Biggest cities: New Biggest cities: New York and York and PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia