Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole
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Transcript of Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole
Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as
a Whole
Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as
a Whole
In this chapter you willIn this chapter you will
1. Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body.
2. Identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities.
3. Locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen.
In this chapter you willIn this chapter you will
4. Become acquainted with terms that describe positions, directions, and planes of the body.
4. Identify meanings for new word elements and use them to understand new medical terms.
Structural Organization of the BodyMajor Parts of a Cell (p. 32)
Structural Organization of the BodyMajor Parts of a Cell (p. 32)
Types of Cells (p. 36)Types of Cells (p. 36)
Muscle cell Nerve cell
Epithelial cell Fat cell
TissuesTissues
A group of similar cells working together to do a specific job– Epithelial tissue – all tissues that cover the
outside of the body and line the inner surfaces of internal organs.
– Muscle Tissue– Connective tissue – fat, cartilage, bone,
blood.– Nerve tissue
OrgansOrgans
Structures composed of several kinds of tissue
– Heart
– Stomach
Viscera: internal organs
SystemsSystems
Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions
– Cardiovascular System
– Digestive System
1. Cranial Cavity – page 391. Cranial Cavity – page 39
Brain Pituitary gland
CranialCavity
2. Thoracic Cavity – page 392. Thoracic Cavity – page 39
Pleural Cavity– Lungs
Mediastinum– Heart– Esophagus– Trachea– Bronchial tubes– Thymus gland– Aorta
ThoracicCavity
Diaphragm Diaphragm
separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
3. Abdominal Cavity – page 393. Abdominal Cavity – page 39
Stomach Small and large
intestines Spleen Pancreas Liver Gallbladder
AbdominalCavity
4. Pelvic Cavity – page 394. Pelvic Cavity – page 39
Portions of the small and large intestines
Rectum Organs of the urinary
system Organs of the
reproductive systemPelvic Cavity
5. Spinal Cavity – page 395. Spinal Cavity – page 39
Nerves of the spinal cord
SpinalCavity
Dorsal (posterior) CavitiesDorsal (posterior) Cavities
Cavities in the back of the body
– Cranial
– Spinal
Ventral (anterior) CavitiesVentral (anterior) Cavities
Cavities in the front of the body
– Thoracic
– Abdominal
– Pelvic
Abdominopelvic Regions (p. 44)Abdominopelvic Regions (p. 44)
R&L Hypochondriac Epigastric R&L Lumbar Umbilical R&L Inguinal Hyopgastric
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)
Right Upper– Gallbaldder – Liver
Right lobe– Parts of
PancreasSmall IntestinesLarge Intestines
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)
Left Upper– Stomach– Liver
Left lobe– Parts of
PancreasSmall IntestinesLarge Intestines
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)
Right Lower– R ovary– R fallopian tube– Appendix – R ureter– Parts of
Small IntestineLarge Intestine
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)
Left Lower
– L ovary
– L fallopian tube
– L ureter
– Parts ofSmall IntestineLarge Intestine
Divisions of the back and spinal column (p. 46)Divisions of the back and spinal column (p. 46)
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)
Coccygeal (4)
Positional and Directional Terms (p. 48)Positional and Directional Terms (p. 48)
Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)
Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)1. Frontal (coronal) Plane
Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)1. Frontal (coronal) Plane
Vertical plane Divides the body
into
– anterior
– posterior
Frontal(Coronal)Plane
2. Sagittal (lateral) Plane2. Sagittal (lateral) Plane
Vertical plane Divides the body
or structure into
– right side
– left side
Sagittal(Lateral)Plane
3. Transverse (cross-sectional) Plane3. Transverse (cross-sectional) Plane
Horizontal plane Divides the body
or structure into
– upper half
– lower half
Transverse(cross-sectional)Plane
Chapter 2Terms Pertaining to the
Body as a Whole
Chapter 2Terms Pertaining to the
Body as a Whole
Pages 50-53
abdominalabdominal
abdomin/o: abdomen -al Pertaining to the abdomen
adiposeadipose
adip/o: fat -ose: pertaining to Pertaining to fat
anterioranterior
anter/o: front -ior: pertaining to Pertaining to the
front
anabolismanabolism
ana-: up bol/o: to cast (throw) -ism: process Process of casting up
– The building-up or synthesizing process in a cell.
cervicalcervical
cervic/o: neck -al Pertaining to the
neck
chondromachondroma
chondr/o: cartilage -oma Tumor of cartilage
– Benign
chondrosarcomachondrosarcoma
chondr/o Sarc/o: flesh -oma Flesh tumor of cartilage
– Malignant
chromosomeschromosomes
chrom/o: color -some: body Color bodies
– They absorb the color of dyes used to stain the cell
– Contain genetic material– Located in the nucleus
coccygealcoccygeal
coccyg/o: coccyx -al Pertaining to the
Coccyx (tailbone)
craniotomycraniotomy
crani/o: skull -tomy Incision of the skull
cytoplasmcytoplasm
cyt/o -plasm: formation Formation (contents) of the cell
distaldistal
dist/o: far, distant -al Pertaining to far
– From the beginning of a structure
dorsaldorsal
dors/o: back -al Pertaining to the back
histologyhistology
hist/o: tissue -logy Study of tissues
iliaciliac
ili/o: ilium -ac Pertaining to the
ilium, part of the pelvic bone.
inguinalinguinal
inguin/o: groin -al Pertaining to the groin
karyotypekaryotype
kary/o: nucleus -type: classification,
picture Picture or
classification of the nucleus – And its
chromosomes
laterallateral
later/o: side -al Pertaining to the
side
lumbosacrallumbosacral
lumb/o: lower back sacr/o: sacrum -al Pertaining to the lower back and
sacrum
medialmedial
medi/o: middle -al Pertaining to the middle
nucleicnucleic
nucle/o: nucleus -ic Pertaining to the nucleus
pelvicpelvic
pelv/o: hip, pelvic cavity -ic Pertaining to the hip or pelvic cavity
posteriorposterior
poster/o: back -ior Pertaining to the
back
proximalproximal
proxim/o: near -al Pertaining to near
– A structure
sacralsacral
sacr/o: sacrum -al Pertaining to the
sacrum
sarcomasarcoma
sarc/o -oma Tumor of flesh
– malignant
spinalspinal
spin/o: spine -al Pertaining to the
spine
epithelial cellepithelial cell
epi- thel/o: nipple -al Pertaining to upon a nipple
– Skin cell
thoracicthoracic
thorac/o: chest -ic Pertaining to the chest
thoracotomythoracotomy
thorac/o -tomy Incision of the chest.
trachealtracheal
trache/o: trachea -al Pertaining to the
trachea
umbilicalumbilical
umbilic/o: navel -al Pertaining to the navel
ventralventral
ventr/o: belly side of the body -al Pertaining to the belly side of the body
vertebralvertebral
vertebr/o: vertebrae -al Pertaining to
vertebrae
visceralvisceral
viscer/o: internal organs -al Pertaining to internal organs
anabolicanabolic
ana- bol/o -ic Pertaining to casting up
– building up substances (proteins) in the cell
catabolismcatabolism
cata-: down bol/o -ism Process of casting down
– breaking down material in the cell to release energy
– Mitichondria
epigastricepigastric
epi- gastr/o -ic Pertaining to
above the stomach
hypochondriac regionshypochondriac regions
hypo- chondr/o -iac Pertaining to below
(rib) cartilages
intervertebralintervertebral
inter-: between vertebr/o -al Pertaining to
between the vertebrae
metabolismmetabolism
meta-: change bol/o -ism Process of casting change
– Anabolism and catabolism