UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARAFACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CBE424- INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL AND BIOPROCESSES ENGINEERINGCHAPTER 2: SUSTAINABILITY

25 SEPTEMBER 2014

1. Chemical industries face a huge sustainability challenge from both financial and societal perspectives. What is the role of chemical industries to solve its sustainability challenges?

The solution can be made by company. Companies must take a systematic value-centered approach focus In simultaneously both addressing both their financial and societal challenges.

2. Draw/sketch a process flow diagram laying out the range of operational and strategic risks and opportunity those chemical industries face today.

(15 marks)

3. State the meaning of the following terms:i) Stakeholder

A key to broadening the vision and driving innovation. A number of key stakeholder group are shown. They are divided into the traditional economic stakeholders and societal stakeholders.

ii) Sustainable value

Value that are positive for shareholders and stakeholders.

iii) Sustainable matrix

When a company`s product or business are operating in the upper left quadrant there are hidden (sometimes not so hidden) risks. These could include loss of sales and etc.

When operating in sustainable quadrant (the upper right) there are a number of benefits and opportunities such as enhanced reputation, etc…

(6 marks)

4. Define sustainable development and give one (1) example to show unsustainable condition.

Sustainable development is defined as developments that meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. For example, pulp and paper industries. We need paper everyday. In order to get that, we chap more trees. If we do not take any action to plant it back, in the future there will be no trees and will cause environmental problems.

(5 marks)

5. Environmental, social and economic elements are contributed to the effectiveness of the sustainable development. Explain the concept of sustainability in the economic perspective.

The first step is estimation of capital investment that is usually based on the cost of the necessary equipment. After the capital investment is determined, the operating costs of

unsustainable(value

transfer)

sustainable value

unsustainable(lose/lose)

unsustainable(value

transfer)

risksloss of saleproduction substitutionpreemptive regulationreputation

damagefines and penalty

opportunitiesenhanced

reputation product

differentiatiommotivated employees

licence to operatenew markets

the process can be derived from the different cost items like raw materials and energy. There are two parts of course analysis. Complementary to this, profitability analysis examines the expected revenues.In conclusion, economic perspective include profit, cost savings economic growth and research and development.

(6 marks)

6. In your opinion, how engineering field can contribute to the sustainable development and give an appropriate example to support your answer.

In my opinion engineering has wide aspects. Engineers can contribute in sustainable development. For example, increase productivity and selectively through intensification of intelligent operations and multiscale approach to process control. Next, design novel equipment based on scientific principles and new product methods: process intensification in using multifunctional reactors, microengineering and microtechnology. Another is, extend chemical engineering methodology to protect design and engineering using the ‘triplet molecular Process-Product-Process Engineering (3PE)’ approach to manufacture end-use properties. Finally implement multiscale application of computational chemical engineering modeling and simulator to real life situations from the molecular scale to the production scale.

(5 marks)

7. Explain on TWO (2) sustainability issues that are faced by petroleum processing industry and recommend the solutions to overcome the problems.

At the upstream level, productions of petroleum and gas are from continental shelf and deep water, the environmental concern is more on the marine pollution. The solution is by expanding rural electricity coverage`s particularly in Sabah and Sarawak and developing new source of growth in the energy sector including participation of local companies in energy related industries and service aboard.

At the downstream level, the environmental issues are such as the gas emission, transportation, storage and utilisation of petroleum and gas. The solution is by intensifying energy efficiency initiative in the industrial, transportation and commercial sectors as well in government buildings. Incentives will be reviewed to encourage transport operators to convert the vehicles to NGV. Besides we are promoting greater use of renewable energy for power generation and by industries.

To ensure sustainability supply of oil and gas, appraisal wells will continue to be drilled in small oil fields offshore and deepwater areas (more than 200 M) and ultra deepwater of more than one kilometer especially in Sabah and Sarawak.

(9 marks)

INDIVIDUAL

ASSINGMENT

NAME: NURUL SYAFIQAH BINTI ABD WAHAB

GROUP: EH 242 1B

LECTURE NAME: DR FAZLENA HAMZAH

IC NUMBER: 950902015594

STUDENT ID: 2014433484