CHAPTER 2 SUSTAINABILITY IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT WHAT? WHY? WHEN? WHO? WHERE? HOW?

THE GUIDANCE FLOWCHART

2.1: SUSTAINABLE ?

2.2: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ?

2.3: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION ?

2.4: MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVES 2

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United Nations New York, 2004

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US crude oil prices (based on average prices paid by US refiners for all grades of oil based on EIA data) converted to 2012$ using CPI-Urban data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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8 Energy consulting firm: Ecofys

Worlds Energy Supply by Source

2.1: SUSTAINABLE

Our planet has enough for everyones need, but not enough for everyones greed (Mahatma Gandhi).

WHAT? - SUSTAINABLE

The ability to maintain at certain rate or level.

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Attaining sustainability does not mean the eradication of adverse impact, which is an impossible vision at present, but rather the reduction of it to a certain reasonable level.

2.2: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

WHAT? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT A philosophy called sustainable development

was introduced in 1987 in Brundtland Report.

Maintaining a delicate balance between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we and future generations depend.

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WHAT? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Creating and operating a healthy built environment based on

resource efficiency and ecological design Charles J. Kibert

The balanced uses of resources on a global scale including physical elements, human elements, and national political context Ronald Rovers

The development which meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own need Bourdeau

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WHY? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WHY?

to alter or improve our conventional way of development into a more responsible approach which can satisfy our needs for development without harming the world we live in.

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WHY? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Climate change: Long-term climate changes have been

observed across the globe. Changes are happening as a result of human activity, including man-made greenhouse gas emissions.

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WHY? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Human activities!!

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WHY? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Human activities!!

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PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT

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all the same, only details varied

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Economic Sustainability

various strategies that make it possible to use available resources to their best advantage.

Environmental Sustainability

reducing the amount of waste produce or using less energy, but is concerned with developing processes that will lead to businesses becoming completely sustainable in the future.

Social Sustainability

encompass human rights, labor rights and corporate governance.

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CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT: OBJECTIVES Economic:

1. Consider life-cycle cost

2. Internalize external costs

3. Consider alternative financing mechanism

4. Develop appropriate economic instruments to promote sustainable consumption

5. Consider the economic impact on local structure

Environment:

1. Increase materials efficiency by reducing the material demand of non-renewable goods.

2. Reduce the materials intensity via substitution technologies

3. Enhance materials recyclability

4. Reduce and control the use of dispersion of toxic materials

5. Reduce the energy required for transforming goods and supplying services.

6. Support the instruments of international conventions and agreements

7. Maximize the sustainable use of biological and renewable resources

8. Consider the impact of planned projects on air, soil, water, flora and fauna

Social:

1. Enhance a participatory approaches by involving stakeholders

2. Promote public participation

3. Promote the development of appropriate institutional frameworks

4. Consider the influence of the existing social framework

5. Assess the impact on health and the quality of life

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2.3: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

WHAT? SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Subset to the philosophy of Sustainable Development

is Sustainable Construction.

Sustainable construction, which has been dubbed green construction.

The term sustainable construction was originally proposed to describe the responsibility of the construction industry in attaining sustainability.

Kibert proposed that sustainable construction means creating a healthy built environment using resource-efficient, ecologically-based principles.

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WHY? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

Construction activities!!

Before: through materials

During: energy consumption

During: the pollution

After: waste!!

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WHY? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.)

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Before Construction During Construction During & After Construction

Utilization or earth resources for the production of construction materials (e.g. fossil, wood, cement, hydrogen, air, water, ore etc.)

Transportation to/from factory involving fuel consumption and causing pollution and green house emissions.

Clearing of forest, and land for development.

Environmental pollution (air, water, land)

High Solid waste generation

Contributing to: High energy usage High CO2 Emissions Large water usage Large Solid Wastes

generation

WHY? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.)

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WHO? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

Sustainable Construction; the responsibility of the construction industry to attain sustainability.

Construction Industry; those providing design, consulting and construction services.

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HOW? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

Sustainable Construction; it requires willingness to explore new territory in construction approach and prepare to adopt new products, ideas and practices.

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HOW? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) The direction of the construction industry is now shifting

from developing with environmental concern as a small part of the process into having the development process being integrated within the wider context of environmental agenda.

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EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLE: DEVELOPMENT VS CONSTRUCTION

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The Principles of Sustainable Development

The Interpretation of Sustainability Principles within Construction Industry

Putting people at the centre Show concern for people by ensuring they live in a healthy, safe and productive built environment and in harmony with nature

Taking a long term perspective Safeguarding the interests of future generations while at the same time, meeting todays needs

Taking account of costs and benefits

Evaluate the benefits and costs of the project to society and environment

Creating an open and supportive economic system

Creating a system which can flourish trades, improve collaboration and resource efficiency

Combating poverty and social exclusion

Improving the quality of buildings and services, create jobs opportunities and promote social cohesiveness

Respecting environmental limits Minimising damage to the environment and its resources

The precautionary principle Assessing risk and uncertainties before any action and rectify possible damage at source.

Using scientific knowledge Using technology and expert knowledge to seek information and in improving project efficiency and effectiveness

Transparency, information participation and access to justice

Opportunities to improve access to information and encourage ethics and professionalism

Making the polluter pay

Legislation compliance and responsibility

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION

The concept of sustainability must be applied into construction industry to influence the manner in which a project shall be conducted to strike a balance between conserving the environment and maintaining prosperity in development.

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CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION (cont.)

Present Construction

System

Proto-

Sustainable

System

Truly Sustainable System

Evolving from Traditional to Sustainable Construction

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Environment

E

E S E

E

S

E

E S

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION (cont.) The concept of sustainable construction governs three main

pillars:

environmental protection,

social well-being and

economic prosperity.

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CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION (cont.)

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Abidin, 2005

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION 1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The built environment refers to the activities within the construction project itself, which may, if not handled effectively, have a serious adverse impact on the environment.

Conserving natural resources. Although builders have little influence over the extraction of natural resources, they can help discourage this activity by demanding less non-renewable natural resources, more recycled materials, and efficient use of energy and mineral resources.

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CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION 2. SOCIAL WELL-BEING

Social well-being concerns with the benefits of the workers and the future users.

This aspect is concerned with:

human feelings: security, satisfaction, safety and comfort, and

human contributions: skills, health, knowledge and motivation.

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CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION 3. ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

Micro economic focuses on the factors or activities which could lead to monetary gains from the construction.

While macro economic relates to the advantages gained by the public and government from the project success.

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PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE IN CONSTRUCTION

1. Minimize resource consumption (conserve)

2. Maximize resource reuse (reuse)

3. Use renewable or recyclable resources (renew/recycle)

4. Protect the natural environment (protect nature)

5. Create a healthy, non-toxic environment (non-toxics)

6. Apply life cycle cost analysis and true cost (economics)

7. Pursue quality in creating the built environment (quality)

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PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE IN CONSTRUCTION (cont.)

Based on Kiberts Principles Concepts of Sustainable Construction

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SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: SOME STRATEGIES

1. Procurement: Specific procurement strategies to ensure sustainable construction requirements are addressed.

2. Site / Environment: Methods to reduce the environmental impact of construction on the project site and surrounding environment are identified.

3. Material Selection: Identifies environmentally friendly building materials as well as harmful and toxic materials that should be avoided.

4. Waste Prevention: Methods to reduce and eliminate waste on construction projects are identified.

5. Recycling: Identifies materials to recycle at each phase of construction and methods to support the onsite recycling effort.

6. Energy: Methods to ensure and improve the buildings energy performance, reduce energy consumed during construction, and identify opportunities to use renewable energy sources.

7. Building and Material Reuse: Identifies reusable materials and methods to facilitate the future reuse of a facility, systems, equipment, products and materials.

8. Health and Safety: Methods to improve the quality of life for construction workers are identified.

9. Indoor Environment Quality: Methods to ensure indoor environmental quality measures during construction are managed and executed properly.

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SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATIONS? ANY SUGGESTION?

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Construction Project Management

Construction Management

Site Management

Facilities Management

Planning 3+5+6+7

Design 3+4+5+6+

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Procurement 1

Construction 3+4+5+6+7+8+9

Handover 5+7

Decommissioning 6+7 Site activities

started 2+4+5+7+8+9

Liability period 5+7

SEVERAL SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES: 1.Procurement 2.Site / Environment 3.Material Selection 4.Waste Prevention 5.Recycling 6.Energy 7.Building and Material Reuse 8.Health and Safety 9.Indoor Environment Quality

BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION The concept of green building costs lower than conventional

method and saves energy.

Sustainable buildings will contribute positively to better quality of life, work efficiency and healthy work environment.

Sustainable construction will enable the construction players to be more responsible to the environmental protection needs without neglecting the social and economic needs in striving for better living.

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More information..

1. Towards sustainable construction: promotion and best practices

2. Sustainable Construction in Malaysia Developers Awareness

3. Issues and Challenges in Sustainable Construction in the Built Environment: Malaysia Construction Industry Initiatives

4. Sustainability Factors in Industrialised Building System

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2.4: MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVES

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION IN MALAYSIA Malaysias Vision 2020 published in 1993: one of the basic

visions that emerged is for the country to be ecologically sustainable.

The issue of sustainable development has emerged as one of the top issues in the Eight Malaysia Plan (2001 2005): the government gave high priority to research and development as one of their strategy for sustainable development.

The Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIBD) also gave concerted efforts in dealing with sustainable issues through extensive researches.

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SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION IN MALAYSIA (cont.) The subject of sustainability continues to be one of the

important agenda of the government since it has been identified as one of the five key thrusts in the Ninth Malaysia Plan, which was unveiled on the 31st March 2006.

Many local universities (government & private entities) shows interest in researching on the sustainable issues in construction.

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EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Tanarimba at Janda Baik, Pahang.

DDC Project (Demonstration and Documentation Centre for Sustainable Urban Household Energy Usage), launched in 2004 by the Centre for Environment, Technology and Development, Malaysia (CETDEM).

Malaysia Energy Centre (PTM) on zero energy office building (ZEO) at Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor.

The Planning and National Development Doctrine (DPPS), served as the foundation for the planning and development of Putrajaya and Cyberjaya.

A total of 32 physical planning guidelines were established by the Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) to ensure sustainable development of area such as coastal areas, islands, open space, housing, retention ponds, solid waste disposal areas, conservation of trees and for environmentally sensitive areas. 47

EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) Tanarimba at Janda Baik, Pahang.

sustainable housing project

blends man-made and natural elements

exciting concept of ecologically sensitive community development

introduces the world to eco-tourism opportunities in Malaysian highlands

has been dubbed as the forefront of the ecological movement in construction

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http://www.tanarimba.com.my/concept.html

EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) Menara Mesiniaga, Subang Jaya:

Sky gardens that serve as villages

Spiraling vertical landscape

Recessed and shaded windows on the East and West

Curtain wall glazing on the North and South

Single core service on hot side -East

Naturally ventilated and sunlit toilets, stairways and lift lobbies

Spiral balconies on the exterior walls with

full height sliding doors to interior offices

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Heres an example of day lighting at the Hong Kong Science Park. Notice that the light is filtered through translucent skylights

and clerestories in a central atrium, thus reducing glare and

overheating. The top of the building has shades, see them after

the jump: Sunshades are extensively incorporated into the

external facades to shield direct sunlight penetration,

reducing heat gain to the office so as to reduce

electricity consumption for air conditioning

Hong Kong Science Park Solar Glass

At Punggol Eco-Town, the elements of nature will be harnessed in line

with the concept of green living by the waters

Integrated public transport system

Charging stations for electric cars

Cycling lanes

3.2 megawatt solar farm pumping straight into the grid and eliminate the

use of batteries. [see the Star 5 Oct

2010 p. T3]

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PUNGGOL ECO-TOWN, SINGAPORE

Hong Kong Science Park Solar Glass

BIPV panels have been fitted to the facade, the louvers and the roof canopy

of the Buildings in Phase 1. The BIPV is connected to the electricity grid

and have an approximately 200 kilo-Watt output.

The installation of BIPV panels can pursue new clean

energy technologies, reduce consumption of natural

resources and cut emissions to the atmosphere. It can

save approximately 250MWh of electricity consumption

annually.

ZEO Building, Bangi Another example

Zero Energy Office (ZEO) houses the Malaysia Energy Centre . It was built

with a targeted building energy index

[BEI] of as low as 50 kWh/m2 per

year; and with the use of renewable

energy to bring the building to a zero

energy status.

ZEO is the only such building in Malaysia that integrates energy

efficiency and renewable energy in

one working demonstrator building.

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THE DIAMOND BUILDING [THE HEADQUARTERS OF ENERGY COMMISSION OF

MALAYSIA [ BEI of 61KwH/m2] AND THE PRIME MINISTERS DEPARTMENT [RETROFIT TO GREEN STANDARDS], PUTRAJAYA

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EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.)

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it can reduce up to

EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.)

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