Chapter 2, Section 3 The Egyptian Empire. The Middle Kingdom About 2300 B.C. the pharaohs lost...
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Transcript of Chapter 2, Section 3 The Egyptian Empire. The Middle Kingdom About 2300 B.C. the pharaohs lost...
Chapter 2, Section 3The Egyptian Empire
The Middle Kingdom
• About 2300 B.C. the pharaohs lost control of Egypt as nobles battled one another.
• A new dynasty came to power & moved the capital to Thebes.
• There they restored order and stability beginning the Middle Kingdom.
The Middle Kingdom• The Middle Kingdom
lasted from 2050 B.C. to 1670 B.C.
• During this time, Egyptians took control of more land. – Captured Nubia– Attacked present day
Syria
The Middle Kingdom• The conquered people had
to send tributes to the pharaohs.
• The money was used to add more waterways & dams.
• They also built a canal between the Nile River & the Red Sea.
The Middle Kingdom• During the Middle Kingdom, they would
paint the wall of the tombs.
• Sculptors would create carvings & statues of the pharaohs as everyday people.
• Instead of pyramids, pharaohs tombs were built into cliffs west of the Nile River – Valley of the Kings
Who Were the Hyksos?• The Middle Kingdom ended with an invasion
by the Hyksos.
• They were from western Asia & invaded on chariots through the desert.
• They used weapons made of bronze and iron.
Who Were the Hyksos?• The footed Egyptian
soldiers were no match.
• The Hyksos ruled Egypt for 150 years.
• Around 1550 B.C., Ahmose, and Egyptian prince led a rebellion & drove the Hyksos out of Egypt.
The New Kingdom• Ahmose’s reign began
a period called the New Kingdom.
• The New Kingdom lasted from 1550 B.C. to 1080 B.C.
• During this Kingdom, Egypt reached the height of its glory.
The New Kingdom• By 1473 B.C. a queen
came into power called Hatshepsut.
• She eventually became pharaoh, one of the only few female ones.
• She was more interested in trade than conquest.
The New Kingdom• She had Egyptian traders sail along the coast
of East Africa.
• These trade journeys made Egypt extremely wealthy.
• Hatshepsut used some of the wealth to build monuments in the Valley of the Kings.
The New Kingdom• When Hatshepsut died,
her nephew, Thutmose III became pharaoh.
• His armies began aggressive wars of conquest.
• Egypt controlled from north of the Euphrates to Nubia south of Egypt.
The New Kingdom• Thutmose’s empire grew rich from trade &
conquests.
• He took the conquered people’s money and enslaved their people.
• These captives rebuilt the capital city of Thebes.
• Slavery was now common in Egypt.
The Legacies of Two Pharaohs
• 1370 B.C. Amenhotep IV came came to the throne with his wife, Nefertiti.
• He realized Egypt’s priests were gaining power at the expense of the pharaohs.
• He did away with Egypt’s old gods & goddesses.
The Legacies of Two Pharaohs
• He introduced a new religion that worshipped only one god, Aton.
• When the priests protested, he took away their titles, lands & temples.
• Amenhotep then changed his name to Akhenaton.
The Legacies of Two Pharaohs
• To the Egyptians Akhenaton’s attacks on the gods was an attack on Egypt itself.
• He became so devoted to his new religion that he neglected his duties as pharaoh.
• He did not respond to an attack by the Hittites, resulting losing in a lot of land.
The Legacies of Two Pharaohs
• When Akhenton died, his son in law, Tutankhamen, became pharaoh.
• He was only 10 years old, but relied on help from palace officials.
• He restored the old religion, but died suddenly after ruling for only 9 years.
The End of the New Kingdom
• The most effective pharaoh after King Tut was Ramses II.
• He reigned for 66 years and rebuilt the empire.
• He launched a temple building program.
The End of the New Kingdom
• The most magnificent temple built under Ramses was Karnak at Thebes.
• The temples were considered houses for their gods & goddesses.
• The temples also served as banks.
The End of the New Kingdom
• After Ramses, Egypt’s power to begin to fade.
• Neighboring territories began to rebel.
• They were attacked by people from across the sea that had strong iron weapons.
The End of the New Kingdom
• By 1150 B.C., Egypt had lost their empire and only controlled the Nile Delta.
• One group after another took control of Egypt. – Libyans– People of Kush– Assyrians