Chapter 2, section 1

The Six Characteristics of Living Things

Review

All Living Things 1. Have

cells covered by

membrane

2. Sense and respond to changeA change that causes an organism to react is

stimuli

Homeostasis

• Maintaining a constant, internal environment

All Living Things

3. Reproduce Sexual – 2 parents, similar offspring Asexual – 1 parent, identical offspring

4. Have

DNA

Heredity

• Passing traits to the next generation

5. Use

energy

All the chemical activities that an organism performs are called

Metabolism.

ex: Taking in food, breaking down food (digestion), moving materials into and out of cells

All Living Things

All Living things

6. Grow and develop

Chapter 2, section 2

Review

Four things all organisms need:

1. Water – Used in all

• Chemical reactions

2. Air- O2 and CO2

3. Food

4. A place to live

Organisms get their food in different ways.

• Some make their own food. They are

• Producers

Organisms get their food in different ways.

• Some eat other organisms for food. They are

• Consumers

Organisms get their food in different ways.

• Some consumers get food by breaking down dead organisms or waste. They are

• Decomposers

Proteins

• Large molecules made up of small molecules called

• Amino acids

Jobs of proteins

• Protect cells

• Repair cells

• Help cells grow

Two special proteins:

• The protein that binds to oxygen to deliver and release oxygen throughout the body:

• hemoglobin

• The protein that starts or speeds up chemical reactions in cells:

• enzymes

Carbohydrates

• Molecules made up of

• Sugars

Jobs of carbohydrates

• Give energy

• Store energy

• Release energy when they are broken down.

Types of Carbohydrates

• Have one or a few sugar molecules. Easy to break down:

• Simple carbohydrates (chocolate, candy)

• Have hundreds of sugar molecules.Take longer to break down:

• Complex carbohydrates (whole gran pasta, bread,etc.)

Lipids

• Are compounds that can’t mix with Water

• Examples:

• Butter, margarine, olive oil

Jobs of Lipids• Store energy:

• Fats and oils

• Form the membranes of cells:

• Phospholipids: lipid + phosphorous make the cell membranes

ATP• Adesonine Triphosphate

• Main source for cells

• Comes from breaking down the carbs and lipids(NOT protein!!)

• Used to fuel your metabolism

Nucleic Acids

• Blueprints of life!

• Contain the energy to make:

• Proteins

• Large molecules made up of :

• Nucleotides

• The nucleic acid that gives direction and information to cells is:

• DNA

Review

• Plants store extra sugar as lipids, starch, proteins, or nucleic acids:

• STARCH!

Review

• Fats and oils are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, or nucleic acids.

• LIPIDS!

Review

• The protein ________________________ delivers and releases oxygen throughout the body.

• HEMOGLOBIN!

Review

• _____________________________ are made up of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked together

• SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES!