FLORAL DESIGN Objective: Understand principles of floral design techniques.
Chapter 2. Principles of Design I. History of Floral Design §A. Flower arranging is a work of art.
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Transcript of Chapter 2. Principles of Design I. History of Floral Design §A. Flower arranging is a work of art.
Chapter 2
Principles of Design
I. History of Floral Design
A. Flower arranging is a work of art.
We follow certain guidelines
to properly arrange flowers so that they become a “work of art”. These guidelines are called principles of design.
Basic laws
fundamentals, truths or methods of operation that have been tested and proven for many centuries.
Arrangements
are judged by these principles.Tools that will guide in
planning and evaluating arrangements.
Concepts of floral design Two concepts developed
independently of each other.Occidental Style – evolved in
Egyptian and Middle Eastern Cultures
further developed by the Europeans
Oriental Style
began in Chinalater explored by the Japanese
Egyptian Period
2800-28BCarranged separate rows of
different colored flowers in shallow bowls
Egyptian period
feast tables were often decorated with fruits and vegetables neatly piled in low baskets
Egyptian Period
several flowers were considered sacred, symbolizing Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
Lotus and Water Lillies were placed in elaborate vases, bowls and jars
Ancient Greeks
600-146 BCDid not arrange flowers in
vases, scattered blossoms on tables and on the streets
Ancient Greeks
flowers were used to make garland and wreaths worn during special occasions.
Presented as awards to athletes, statesmen and soldiers.
Ancient Greeks
the cornucopia (horn or plenty) was filled with fruits and vegetables and placed in an upright position rather than on its side as done today
Romans
28 BC - 325 ADcontinued the customs of the
Greeksarrangements and usage
became more elaborate
Romans
scatter roses on banquet tables and on the floor
scarves filled with blossoms were offered at an altar in Roman Religious Ceremonies
Romans
Wreaths and Garlands became more elaborate
Byzantine Period
320-600 ADarrangements of cut flowers
used againformal conical designs with
clusters of blossoms at regular intervals
Middle Ages
476-1600 ADvery little is known about floral
designs of this time period
Renaissance
1400-1600 ADbeautifully documented in
paintingsdesigns were large, tall,
pyramidal, and symmetrically balanced
Renaissance
flower arrangements were loose, un-crowded and airy
formal bouquets featured the most important flower situated centrally, at the top of the bouquet, with other flower heads turned outward.
Renaissance
flowers were arranged so that they were about twice the height of the container
intense colors were used to create contrast with the white plastered walls of buildings
Renaissance
several traditional floral designs of today are styled after renaissance arrangements
Baroque Period
began as symmetrical, oval shaped designs
asymmetrical curves in the shape of a crescent or an “s” were adopted later
Baroque
an abundance of flower types and colors were used together
arrangements incorporated a variety of accessories such as figurines and butterflies
Baroque
the “s” curve and crescent arrangements developed during this period are popular today
Flemish-style
1600-1750 ADbeautifully captured by Dutch
painterstraditional baroque styles were
refined
Flemish style
refined - not as loose and openbetter proportioned and more
compactRich colors and an array of
flowers were combined into masses, oval shape bouquets.
Flemish styleThe French developed mass
arrangements during the same time that were lighter and more airy than those of the Dutch.
Arrangements were made from delicate flowers in light pastel colors.
Georgian period
1714-1760 A.D.Time period that spanned the
reigns of the English kings George I and George II
Arrangements were greatly influenced by Chinese arts.
Georgian periodUsually symmetrical and
triangularly shaped.Many featured a single flower type.Designs moved away from
formality and symmetry in the late part of the period.
Georgian period
nosegay, or handheld bouquet became stylish
small nosegay bouquets placed in bowls were the first use of table centerpieces as we know them today.
Georgian periodGeorgian art influenced the
decorative arts in Colonial America.Fan shaped and triangular
arrangements were made and sometimes placed the center of interest near the rim of the container.
Georgian period
boxwood, ivy, and magnolia were used with garden flowers in the summer
berries, cones, greens with fruit were used during the winter along with dried flowers.
Victorian period
1820-1914 A.D.Flowers were fashionable but
designs were rather unappealing.
Improperly proportioned
Victorian period
large amounts of flowers cramped into a container to create a compact arrangement
usually asymmetrical with no focal point.
Victorian period
many different flower types and colors used, arrangements looked unplanned.
Rules for flower arranging were established toward the end of the Victorian period.
Oriental Style
Began in India where Buddist priests scattered branches and stem on altar or placed them in pottery urns.
Modified by the Chinese during the first century A.D.
Oriental Style
Arranged flowers in massive bronze vessels
Felt it was improper to place flowers carelessly on the altar.
Created symbolic arrangementsBright colors were favored.
Oriental StyleUsually large and symmetrical with
one or two types of foliage and flowers placed around a central branch.
Lightest colors were used at outer portions of design, darker ones kept nearest the base.
Oriental Style
Sixth Century A.D. Japanese adopted many aspects of the Chinese culture, including floral arrangement.
Japanese priest named Ikenabo refined the art.
Oriental Style
His instruction was sought by other Buddhist priests.
Began the first school of floral art in Japan which bears his name.
Oriental Style
Name later changed to Ikebana which means “giving life to the flowers.”
Oriental Style
Many schools of Japanese flower arrangements have evolved from this original one, the basic principles can be traced back to Ikenaba.
Oriental Style
Japanese designs are characterized by minimum use of plant material and careful placement of branches and flowers.
Each placement and angle has meaning.
Oriental Style
This type of arrangement became known as “line arrangement”
European Style
generally large, round or oval mass of flowers
flower placement is not rigidly dictated as in oriental design
European Style
known as mass arrangementsmost floral designs in the US
are referred to as “line mass” and combine Oriental and European ideas
European Style
American floral design uses more materials than the Oriental but far fewer than the European
US floral design is often built around linear patterns, showing the Oriental influence.