Chapter 2 Notes

Properties of Matter

2.2 lbs = 1 kg

1 kg = 9.8 N

Density Video (buoyancy)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDl7jpq6Sek&p=5CC7DFCA0FBD2D4B&playnext=1&index=12

I. General Properties of Matter

*Matter:

anything that has mass and volume

-General properties of matter include mass, weight, volume, and density.

A. Mass

*amount of matter in an object(constant)

*measure of the inertia of an object.

*Inertia:

resistance to change in motion.

B. Weight

*response of mass to the pull of gravity(not constant)

*Gravity: force of attraction between objects.

-Metric unit of weight is the Newton(N).Ex:

C. Volume

*amount of space an object takes up.

D. Density

-Ex: p48

-Density of water is 1g/ml.

*Specific gravity: ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water.

II. Phases of Matter

*Physical properties: can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.

Ex’s:

-Four phases of matter:

solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

p70-73http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html

A. Solid

-definite shape and definite volume.

*Crystal: particles arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

*Crystalline solids: made up of crystals.

*Amorphous solids: lose their shape under certain conditions.

B. Liquids

-take the shape of their container.

-No definite shape, but definite volume.http://www.pixable.com/article/water-balloons-bursting-in-slow-motion-video/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPfG4OdGEyI

*Viscosity:

resistance of liquid to flow.

C. Gases

pp88

-no definite shape, or definite volume.

*Boyle’s Law: vol decreases, pressure increases.

-P1 V1 = P2 V2

-varies inversely-graph ex: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/aboyle.html

*Charles’s Law: temp increases, vol increases.

- T1 V2 = T2 V1

-varies directly-graph ex:

http://physics.gac.edu/~mellema/Aapt2001/Charles'%20Law.htm

Boyle’s and Charles Law: Examples

• http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/webFunChem/BoylesLaw/BoyleIndex.htm

• http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/webFunChem/CharlesLaw/CharlesIndex.htm

D. Plasma

-Stars have matter in the plasma phase.

-very high in energy.

III. Phase Change

-Phase change by adding or taking away nrg.

-Phase changes in matter:1. melting 2. freezing 3. vaporization4. condensation5. Sublimation6. Deposition

*Physical Change: change in phaseex: pp74-77

A. solid - liquid

*Melting:

*Melting point:

*Freezing:

*Freezing point:

B. liquid - gas

*Vaporization: liquid to a gas

*Evaporation:*Boiling:

*Boiling Point:*Condensation:

gas to liquids

C. solid - gas

*Sublimation:

solid to gas

ex: dry ice

*Deposition:

gas to solid

ex: frost

D. heat, temp, and phase chng

-Phase changes are accompanied by increases in heat nrg but not by increases in temp.

- Figure 13 p77

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Gas.html

IV. Chemical Properties and Changes

*Chemical properties: substance changes into other new substances.

1. Flammability

2. Ability to support burning

-Chem property describes a substance’s ability to change into a diff subst.

-Chem chng :

process by which the substance chngs.

*Chem Rxn: chem. Chng

-produces new subst with new and diff phys and chem. properties.