Chapter 2 Nile River Valley Civilization. Egypt, Nile River Valley Civilization Nile River played a...
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Transcript of Chapter 2 Nile River Valley Civilization. Egypt, Nile River Valley Civilization Nile River played a...
Chapter 2Nile River Valley Civilization
Egypt, Nile River Valley Civilization
• Nile River played a key role
• Yearly flood deposited rich silt for farming
• Egyptians learned how to harness the flood to help instead of harm them (dikes, reservoirs, irrigation ditches)
Contrast between the desert and the Nile Valley
Aswan High Dam
Menes unites Egypt• 3100 B.C. the king of Upper
Egypt united Upper and Lower Egypt
• He and his successors used the Nile as a highway linking north and south.
• The Nile helped make Egypt the world’s first unified state
• Created a dynastydynasty, or family of rulers
The Pyramids
Pyramid facts• Built during the Old Kingdom
• Were tombs for the pharaohs
• Took a pharaohs entire reign to build
• Made by hand of limestone blocks, some weighing 2 tons or more
King Tut’s chariot
http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/tut/mysteries/index.html
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/explore/
Pyramids
Tutenkhamen
http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/index.html
Empire
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/09/tut-dna/garrett-photography
Pharaohs• The Ancient Egyptians viewed them as
gods
• They usually wore wigs and a false beard to signify their authority
Queen Hatshepsut, one of the most prolific builders of the Middle Kingdom
Bust of Nefertiti
The death mask of Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamen is made of gold inlaid with colored glass and semiprecious stone. The mask comes from the innermost mummy case in the pharaoh’s tomb, and stands 54 cm (21 in) high. The emblems on the forehead (vulture and cobra) and on the shoulders (falcon heads) were symbols of the Two Lands of Upper and Lower Egypt and of divine authority.
• 12 month calendar, 30 days each (5 extra days for feasting)
• Number system based on 10
• Used fractions & whole numbers
• Geometry
Achievements
Hieroglyphics• More than 600 signs, pictures, or symbols
to represent words or sounds
• Wrote on papyrus
Rosetta Stone• Key to understanding hieroglyphics
• Found by a French soldier in 1798
• Greek, hieroglyphics, and demotic
A painted box from Tutankhamun's tomb depicts the Pharaoh on a chariot chasing Nubians.
Religion• Many gods, often with animal symbols
• Amon-Re, the creator, identified with the sun
• Osiris judged people after death, associated with the Nile
• Strong belief in the afterlife
Nubia• Another Nile Kingdom (also known as
Kush)
• Neighbor of Egypt to the South
• Traded or fought with Egypt for centuries.
• For a time, added Egypt to their empire around 730 B.C.
Gifts for the King from Nubia, which was to the south of Egypt. Can you find gold rings, a baby leopard, a monkey , an ebony log?