Chapter 2: Measurement Concepts: Recording Business ... … · Chapter 2: Measurement Concepts:...

Chapter 2: Measurement Concepts: Recording Business

Transactions

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. The valuation issue deals with how the components of a transaction should be categorized.

True False

2. Business transactions are economic events that should be recorded in the accounting records.

True False

3. In accounting, to recognize means to record a transaction or event.

True False

4. Generally accepted accounting principles state that all business transactions should be valued at fair value

both when they occur and at all subsequent reporting dates.

True False

5. Fair value is the exchange price of an actual or potential business transaction between market participants.

True False

6. Normally, the value of an asset remains at its initial fair value or cost until the asset is sold, expires, or is

consumed.

True False

7. A credit to an asset account means that asset account has been increased.

True False

8. A debit has an unfavorable effect on an account.

True False

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9. For a T account, an account balance is the difference in total dollars between total debit footings and total

credit footings.

True False

10. A decrease in a liability is recorded by a credit.

True False

11. The double-entry system is possible because all business transactions have at least two equal and opposite

aspects.

True False

12. A decrease in the Retained Earnings account is recorded with a debit.

True False

13. A transaction that increases expenses will decrease stockholders’ equity.

True False

14. The Common Stock account represents the stockholders’ claim against specific assets of the company,

while the Retained Earnings account represents the stockholders’ claim against the general assets of the

company.

True False

15. The first step in the accounting cycle is to post the journal entries to the ledger and prepare a trial balance.

True False

16. The normal balance of an account is the side (debit or credit) used to decrease the account.

True False

17. The general ledger is the basic storage unit for accounting data and is used to accumulate

amounts from similar transactions.

True False





18. One of the general rules of the double-entry system is that total debits must always be equal to total credits.

True False

19. Dividends are shown on both the income statement and the statement of retained earnings.

True False

20. Dividends are deductions from stockholders’ claims on retained earnings and are shown on the statement of

retained earnings.

True False

21. A journal entry is a notation that records a single transaction in the chronological accounting record known

as the book of original entry.

True False

22. A journal entry shows the date, credit account, and credit amount shown on one line, and the debit account

(indented) and debit amount shown on the next line.

True False

23. Liabilities are established with credits and eliminated with debits.

True False

24. Generally, before Accounts Receivable is debited, it is credited.

True False

25. A journal entry is a notation that consists of either a single debit or a single credit that is recorded in the

general ledger.

True False

26. A compound journal entry involves at least two debit accounts and two credit accounts.

True False





27. When a company records the purchase of 1 month of prepaid expense the transaction does not affect the

totals of assets or liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

True False

28. In a trial balance, all debits are listed before all credits.

True False

29. A trial balance is normally prepared at the end of each business day.

True False

30. When the columns of the trial balance equal each other, it is still possible that errors may have occurred in

recording and posting the transactions.

True False

31. A transposition error will cause the trial balance to be out of balance by an amount that is evenly divisible

by two.

True False

32. Recording an account with a debit balance as a credit, or an account with a credit balance as a debit, will

cause the trial balance to be out of balance by an amount that is evenly divisible by two.

True False

33. When a transaction results in an account with a balance that isn’t “normal,” the “abnormal” balance should

be corrected to the “normal” balance before copying the balance into the trial balance.

True False

34. A trial balance may be prepared at any point in time.

True False

35. The general journal is a chronological record of all transactions.

True False





36. Entering transactions into the journal is called posting.

True False

37. A ledger account is an abbreviated version of a T account.

True False

38. In a journal entry, debits are always indented.

True False

39. In a journal entry, the Post. Ref. column is left blank until the entry has been posted.

True False

40. The final step of the transaction analysis is the preparation of the trial balance.

True False

41. One might see “J5” correctly placed in the Post. Ref. column of the Accounts Payable account.

True False

42. Journal entries are typically posted to the ledger only at the end of the year.

True False

43. Another name for the ledger is the book of original entry.

True False

44. In the general journal, the year appears on the first line of the first column, the month on the next line of the

first column, and the day in the second column opposite the month.

True False

45. The general ledger is used to record the details of each transaction. The general journal is used to update

each account.

True False





46. When a company receives a product previously ordered, a recordable transaction has occurred.

True False

47. When a business hires a new employee, a recordable transaction has occurred.

True False

48. A transaction should be recorded when title to merchandise passes from the supplier to the purchaser and

creates an obligation to pay.

True False

49. Purchase requests and purchase orders are economic events, and as such they affect a company’s financial

position, and are recognized in the accounting records.

True False

50. When a company pays an employee for work performed, it is considered an economic event that is recorded

as a transaction.

True False

51. A purchase should usually not be recognized (recorded) before the title is transferred because, until that

point, the vendor has not fulfilled its contractual obligation and the buyer has no liability.

True False

52. The timing of cash flows is critical to a company’s ability to maintain adequate liquidity so that it can pay

its bills on time.

True False

53. All sales transactions generate immediate cash.

True False

54. In order to manage a company’s liquidity, managers and other users of financial information must

understand the difference between transactions that generate immediate cash and those that do not.

True False





55. One way a company can manage its expenditures is to rely on its creditors to give it time to pay for

purchases.

True False

56. All expenses incurred by a business are paid immediately in cash.

True False

57. Purchasing office supplies on account is an example of one way a company can take advantage of deferring

a cash payment.

True False

58. When a business reports an asset at an inflated dollar amount, is has violated the measurement issue of

A. recognition.

B. valuation.

C. classification.

D. realization.

59. Which of the following is not a measurement issue in accounting?

A. When to record a business transaction.

B. How to classify the items of a business transaction.

C. When to classify the items of a business transaction.

D. Where to record a business transaction.

60. The issue of deciding when to record a transaction is solved by

A. properly classifying the transaction.

B. deciding on a point of recognition.

C. assigning historical cost to the transaction.

D. analyzing the intent of management.

61. The cost principle relates most closely to the

A. recognition point.

B. recognition issue.

C. valuation issue.

D. classification issue.






A. Valuation.

B. Recognition.

C. Evaluation.

D. Classification.

63. Which of the following is an illustration of the classification issue?

A. At what amount should land be shown on the balance sheet?

B. At what point should the payment of salaries to employees be recorded?

C. Should supplies be recorded as an asset or as an expense?

D. At what point should a bill be paid for the purchase of an item?

64. When a business erroneously records expenses as assets, it has violated the measurement issue of

A. communication.

B. classification.

C. valuation.

D. realization.

65. After initially recording an asset at cost, fair value is

A. the price at which an asset could be sold in a current transaction between independent parties.

B. the actual, or historical, price at which the asset was acquired.

C. the easiest value used to measure and record assets.

D. verifiable at all future dates by referring to the invoice price paid for the asset.

66. Proper __________ depends on correctly analyzing the effect of each transaction and on maintaining a

system of accounts that reflects that effect.

A. classification

B. valuation

C. recognition

D. realization

67. Which of the following accounts is increased with a debit?

A. Common Stock

B. Rent Payable

C. Service Revenue

D. Prepaid Insurance





68. Which of the following accounts is increased with a credit?

A. Office Supplies

B. Unearned Revenue

C. Land


69. Which pair of accounts follows the rules of debit and credit in the same manner?

A. Service Revenue and Equipment

B. Land and Dividends

C. Notes Payable and Buildings

D. Wages Expense and Service Revenue

70. Which pair of accounts follows the rules of debit and credit in the opposite manner?

A. Prepaid Insurance and Dividends

B. Advertising Expense and Land

C. Dividends and Service Revenue

D. Interest Payable and Common Stock

71. The double-entry system

A. requires that each transaction be recorded with at least one debit and one credit.

B. requires that the total amount of the debits must always equal the total amount of the credits.

C. is based on the principle of duality.

D. All of these choices.

72. Which of the following does not impact the Statement of Retained Earnings?

A. Common Stock

B. Revenues

C. Expenses

D. Dividends

73. Which of the following is the final step in the accounting cycle?

A. Prepare financial statements.

B. Close the accounts.

C. Prepare an adjusted trial balance.

D. Post the journal entries to the ledger.





74. Which of the following is the first step in the accounting cycle?


B. Analyze business transactions from source documents.



75. The declaration of dividends will

A. decrease net income.

B. increase liabilities.

C. not affect total assets.

D. increase stockholders’ equity.

76. A company records a transaction in which six months' rent is paid in advance. Which of the following

journal entries records the transaction?

A. Prepaid Rent – Debit; Cash – Credit

B. Rent Receivable – Debit; Cash – Credit

C. Rent Revenue – Debit; Cash – Credit

D. Rent Expense– Debit; Cash – Credit.

77. Receiving cash from a customer for settlement of an Accounts Receivable will

A. decrease Stockholders’ Equity.

B. increase net income.

C. increase total assets.

D. not affect total assets.

78. Which of the following events does not require a journal entry?

A. Purchase of a one-year insurance policy.

B. Agreement to perform a service at a future date.

C. Payment for a service performed previously.


79. When a company has performed a service but has not yet received payment, what is the required journal

entry to be recorded?

A. Accounts Receivable – Debit; Service Revenue – Credit

B. Service Revenue – Debit; Accounts Payable – Credit.

C. Service Revenue – Debit; Accounts Receivable – Credit

D. No entry is required until the cash is received.





80. When a service has been performed, but no cash has been received, which of the following statements is

true?

A. The entry would include a debit to Accounts Receivable.

B. The entry would include a debit to Accounts Payable.

C. The entry would include a credit to Unearned Revenue.


81. The controller for Tires and More, Inc. has recorded the following transactions during the month: the

purchase of equipment for $8,500 cash; payment of $6,300 for 3 months of rent; and, collection of $2,400 from

a customer for services performed. At the beginning of the month the company was established by selling

10,000 shares of stock to the public for $15,000 cash. What is the balance in the Cash account at the end of the

month, and is the balance a debit or a credit?

A. $2,600 debit.

B. $2,600 credit.

C. $6,800 debit.

D. $15,200 debit.


purchase of supplies on credit, $4,200; receipt of a bill for utilities for the month which is due on the 15th of the

next month, $1,200; and, partial payment on the balance due for supplies, $800. What is the balance in the

Accounts Payable account at the end of the month assuming a beginning balance of $0, and is the balance a

debit or a credit?

A. $4,600 debit.

B. $4,600 credit.

C. $3,400 credit.

D. $5,400 credit.


company was established by selling 10,000 shares of stock to the public for $20,000 on the 1st of the month; the

company recorded $36,000 of revenue for tires and services provided during the month; and expenses of

$22,000 were recorded for the month. What is the balance of Stockholders’ Equity at the end of the month, and

is the balance a debit or a credit?

A. $34,000 debit.

B. $34,000 credit.

C. $20,000 credit.

D. $6,000 debit.








$22,000 were recorded for the month. Additionally, on the last day of the month the company declared

dividends of $2,000. What is the balance of Stockholders’ Equity at the end of the month, and is the balance a

debit or a credit?

A. $32,000 debit.

B. $32,000 credit.

C. $18,000 credit.

D. $36,000 debit.

85. An $800 debit item is accidentally posted as a credit. The trial balance column totals will therefore differ by

A. $0

B. $400

C. $800

D. $1,600

86. The trial balance for Parker Company is as follows:

Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $ 6,000

Accounts Receivable 4,000

Art Supplies 6,000

Office Supplies 10,000

Prepaid Rent 14,000

Prepaid Insurance 10,000

Art Equipment 10,000

Office Equipment 6,000

Accounts Payable $ 10,000

Common Stock 30,000

Dividends ?

Advertising Fees Earned ?

Wages Expense ?

Utilities Expense 10,000

Telephone Expense 6,000 ________

$ A $ B

If the balance of the Dividends account were $100,000 and the balance of the Wages Expense account were $10,000, what would be the amount of

B?

A. $124,000

B. $150,000

C. $192,000

D. $152,000






Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $ 6,000


Art Supplies 6,000


Prepaid Rent 14,000





Common Stock 30,000

Dividends ?


Wages Expense ?



$ A $ B

If the trial balance showed a balance of $14,000 in the Dividends account and a balance of $30,000 in the Wages Expense account, what would be

the amount of Advertising Fees Earned for the period?

A. $106,000

B. $86,000

C. $116,000

D. $56,000


Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $28,000


Art Supplies 6,000


Prepaid Rent 14,000





Common Stock 30,000

Dividends 14,000

Advertising Fees Earned 108,000

Wages Expense 30,000


Telephone Expense 6,000 _______

$148,000 $148,000





On the trial balance, total assets equal

A. $108,000

B. $104,000

C. $88,000

D. $68,000


Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $ 6,000


Art Supplies 6,000


Prepaid Rent 14,000




Accounts Payable $10,000

Common Stock 30,000

Dividends ?


Wages Expense ?



$ A $ B

If the trial balance showed a balance of $16,000 in the Wages Expense account and a balance of $86,000 in the Advertising Fees Earned account,

what would be the amount of A?

A. $126,000

B. $106,000

C. $136,000

D. $116,000






Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $ 6,000


Art Supplies 6,000


Prepaid Rent 14,000





Common Stock 30,000

Dividends ?


Wages Expense ?



$ A $ B

If the trial balance showed a balance of $8,000 in the Wages Expense account and a balance of $85,000 in the Advertising Fees Earned account, what

would be the amount of the Dividends account?

A. $75,000

B. $53,000

C. $35,000

D. $63,000

91. Which of the following errors will not cause the debit and credit columns of the trial balance to be unequal?

A. A debit entry was recorded in the wrong account.

B. A debit was entered in an account as a credit.

C. The account balance was carried to the wrong column of the trial balance.

D. The balance of an account was incorrectly computed.

92. The primary purpose of the trial balance is to test the

A. recording of transactions.

B. analysis of transactions.

C. equality of debit and credit balances in the ledger.

D. equality of debit and credit balances in the journal.

93. A $155 credit item is posted as a debit. The trial balance column totals therefore will differ by

A. $310

B. $620

C. $155

D. $0





94. Which of the following errors will cause the trial balance to be out of balance?

A. An entire transaction was entered in the general journal as $27 instead of $72.

B. An entire transaction was omitted from the general journal.

C. The balance of an account was incorrectly computed.

D. A debit entry was entered in the wrong debit account.


A. Posting a debit to Land as a debit to Machinery.

B. Placing a debit balance amount into the credit balance column of the ledger.

C. Omitting an entire transaction.

D. Incorrectly recording the purchase of land for cash as a debit to Cash and a credit to Land.

96. The general journal does not have a column titled

A. Description.

B. Account Balance.

C. Date.

D. Post. Ref.

97. To find a description of a transaction, one should look at the

A. ledger.

B. trial balance.

C. journal.

D. chart of accounts.

98. Which of the following accounts might be placed first in a journal entry?

A. Interest Payable, when it has been decreased.

B. Accounts Receivable, when it has been decreased.

C. Unearned Revenue, when it has been increased.

D. Service Revenue, when it has been increased.

99. Which of the following accounts would be placed after the debit(s) in a journal entry?



C. Unearned Revenue, when it has been decreased.

D. Dividends, when it has been increased.





100. Which of the following statements is false about a journal entry?

A. All debits are always listed before any credits.

B. It may have more than one debit or credit entry.

C. Credits are always indented.

D. Accounts that are increased are always listed first.

101. Which of the following accounts should be debited in a journal entry?

A. Accounts Receivable, when it has been decreased.

B. Dividends, when it has been increased.

C. Wages Payable, when it has been increased.


102. The process of transferring journal entry information from the journal to the ledger is called

A. journalizing.

B. posting.

C. footing.

D. analyzing.

103. The account most recently posted is determined most efficiently by referring to the

A. Post. Ref. column of the ledger.

B. balance column of the ledger.

C. date column of the general journal.

D. Post. Ref. column of the general journal.

104. Posting is performed by transferring information from the

A. source documents to the journal.

B. source documents to the ledger.

C. journal to the ledger.

D. ledger to the journal.

105. Which of the following guidelines is correct?

A. Dollar signs ($) are required in all financial statements and other schedules.

B. Account names are capitalized when referenced in text or listed in work documents like the journal or ledger.

C. In financial statements only the first word of an account name is capitalized.






106. Which of the following is a business event that is not considered a recordable transaction?

A. A company receives a product previously ordered.

B. A company pays an employee for work performed.

C. A customer inquires about the availability of a service.

D. A customer purchases a service.

107. Which of the following is a business event that is considered a recordable transaction?

A. A company hires a new employee.

B. A customer purchases merchandise.

C. A company orders a product from a supplier.

D. An employee sends a purchase requisition to the purchasing department.

108. A purchase is recognized in the accounting records when

A. payment is made for the item purchased.

B. the purchase requisition is sent to the purchasing department.

C. title transfers from the seller to the buyer.

D. the buyer receives the seller's bill.

109. Which of the following business events is not a transaction?

A. Signing a contract.

B. Paying wages.

C. Receiving goods.

D. Purchasing a service.

110. Which of the following is not an example of obvious financial reporting frauds as discussed in the text?

A. Keeping the books open for a few days after the end of the reporting period.

B. Transferring assets to an affiliate at more than their actual value.

C. Recording as assets expenditures that should have been classified as expenses.

D. Recording a liability when title to merchandise passes to the purchaser.

111. Which of the following is an example of an obvious financial reporting fraud as discussed in the text?

A. Closing the books at the end of the reporting period.


C. Recording as expenses expenditures that should have been classified as expenses.






112. Slim Co. is ordering a new computer for its corporate office. Which of the following events would trigger

the recognition of the computer and related liability on Slim’s books?

A. The company generates a purchase order.

B. The purchasing department sends a purchase order to the supplier.

C. The company receives the computer.

D. The company receives the bill from the supplier.

113. Mesquite, Inc. is ordering a new machine to be used in its manufacturing facility. Which of the following

events would trigger the recognition of the machine and related liability on Mesquite’s books?


B. A technician installs the machine on the floor of the manufacturing facility.

C. The company receives the machine.

D. The company pays the bill from the supplier.

114. Mesquite, Inc. engaged in the following transactions during October:

Performed services for cash $1,840

Performed services on credit 2,100

Purchased office supplies on account 800

Paid salaries in cash 900

Collected on account 600

Paid on account 400

What is the balance in cash after these transactions?

A. $940

B. $1,140

C. $740

D. $2,440







Paid on account 400

What is the amount of cash still to be received?

A. $2,300

B. $1,500

C. $1,900

D. $400











Paid on account 400

What is the amount of cash still to be paid?

A. $2,300

B. $2,100

C. $1,300

D. $400

117. Copper Company engaged in the following transactions during April



Purchased office supplies on account 56,000

Paid salaries in cash 29,000

Collected on account 42,000

Paid on account 38,000


A. $18,000

B. $47,000

C. $94,000

D. $52,000








What is the amount of cash still to be collected?

A. $126,000

B. $341,000

C. $144,000

D. $18,000





119. Copper Company began operations in April and then engaged in the following transactions during April








A. $302,000

B. $190,000

C. $144,000

D. $87,000






Collected on account ??


If the balance in cash after these transactions is $115,000, how much cash was collected on account?

A. $67,000

B. $62,000

C. $15,000

D. $29,000







Paid on account ??

If the balance in cash after these transactions is $165,000, how much cash was paid on account?

A. $43,000

B. $57,000

C. $1,000

D. $21,000





122. Match each item with the correct statement below.

1. Process of assigning a monetary amount to business

transactions. Recognition ____

2. Basic storage unit for accounting data and used to

accumulate amounts from similar transactions. Valuation ____

3. Left side. Classification ____

4. A series of steps that measure and communicate

useful information to decision makers.

Accounting

cycle ____

5. Process of assigning all the transactions in which a

business engages to appropriate categories, or accounts. Journal ____

6. Process of transferring transactions from the journal

to the ledger. Trial balance ____

7. Refers to the decision as to when to record a business

transaction. Posting ____

8. A device used to ensure that the total of debits and

credits in the accounts are equal. Cost principle ____

9. The book of original entry. Account ____

10. Recording transactions at the exchange price at the

point of recognition. Debit ____

123. Use this journal entry to answer the following question.

Nov. 16 Accoun

ts

Payable

685

Cash 685

Recorded payment of a liability

Explain how the above journal entry relates to the measurement issues of (a) recognition, (b) valuation, and (c) classification.





124. Why is the Dividends account increased by a debit? Explain in terms of its relationship to stockholders'

equity.

125. For each of the following economic events determine whether the event is a business transaction on the

date it occurs and whether it’s recognized in the accounts on that date. Support your answer.

a. On July 15, the controller of Kona Corporation orders a custom display case for the company’s store.

b. On July 31, a new administrative assistant is hired at a monthly salary of $3,500.

c. On July 31, the controller of Kona Corporation receives a bill for electricity for the month of July. The bill is

due on August 18 and will be paid on that date.

126. A trial balance proves that the accounts are in balance. Does a balanced trial balance also prove that all

the transactions are correctly analyzed and recorded? Why or why not?





127. If a debit to Supplies were posted as a credit, and a credit of the same amount to Cash were posted as a

debit, what would be the effect, if any, on the two accounts and on the trial balance column totals?

128. What type of information does the general journal include for each transaction?

129. What are the steps in the posting process for the debit side of an entry?

130. Discuss the difference between business events that are transactions and those that are not. Why is the

distinction important?





131. Ironwood Company has just started operations. The company sold 5,000 shares of common stock to

investors for $10,000 to get the business started. The company has made several sales on account, but has not

yet collected any cash from these sales. At this point, Ironwood’s cash flows for expenses are exceeding its

cash flows from revenues. How might Ironwood make up the difference so it can maintain its liquidity?

132. Using the following transactions, calculate (A) the ending balance of Cash, (B) the ending balance of

Accounts Receivable, (C) total liabilities, and (D) Stockholders’ Equity at the end of the period. For parts a, b,

and d, indicate whether each balance is debit or credit.

a. Began doing business by selling shares of common stock to investors for $50,000 in cash.

b. Billed customers for services rendered, $10,000.

c. Paid for six months' subscription in advance, $2,500.

d. Received advertising bill, to be paid next week, $500.

e. Dividends of $4,000 were paid to common stock holders.

f. Received $7,500 from customers billed in b.

g. Paid half of advertising bill.

h. Received $1,000 in advance of performing a service.





133. Using the following transactions, calculate the ending balance of (A) total assets, (B) total liabilities, (C)

Cash, and (D) Stockholders’ Equity. Indicate whether each balance is debit or credit.


b. Paid one year's insurance in advance, $4,800.

c. Billed customers for services rendered, $12,000.

d. Received utility bill, to be paid next month, $800.

e. Received $1,600 in advance of performing a service.

f. Received $8,800 from customers billed in c.

g. Paid $600 on the utility bill of d.

h. Dividends of $4,000 were paid to common stock holders.

134. From the following alphabetical list of account balances, all of which are normal, for Ivy Maxx Company

on July 31, 20x5, prepare a trial balance in proper form (the amount of dividends paid by Ivy Maxx must be

computed) .

Accounts Payable $250

Accounts Receivable 100

Cash 40

Equipment 350

Common Stock 75

Dividends ?

Prepaid Advertising 10

Revenue Earned 200

Wages Expense 35

Wages Payable 25





135. Using the alphabetical list of account balances presented below, all of which are normal, prepare a trial

balance for Cookies and Cream Company at June 30, 20x5, in proper order. Compute the balance of the Cash

account.



Cash ?

Equipment 800

Office Expense 360

Common Stock 880

Service Revenue 600

136. From the following alphabetical list of account balances, all of which are normal, for Cannon Company on

September 30, 20x5, prepare a trial balance in proper form (the amount of dividends paid by Cannon Company

must be computed) .

Accounts Payable $ 780


Cash 400

Equipment 1,380


Revenue Earned 1,000

Common Stock 1,200

Dividends ?

Wages Expense 60

Wages Payable 20

137. Record the following transactions, using proper form, in the journal provided.

June 9 Provided services in the amount of $4,000, receiving $300 in partial payment.

19 Received $1,600 of the amount owed from June 9.





General

Journal

Page

1

Date Descri

ption

Post.

Ref.

Debit Credit





138. In the journal provided, prepare journal entries without explanations for the following transactions. Write

“no entry” if none is needed.

a. Received a $1,000 invoice for this month's electricity. Payment will be made in 2 weeks.

b. Paid $1,200 for insurance premiums to cover the next six months.

c. Dividends of $700 were paid.

d. The utility bill from part “a” is paid.

e. Purchased land for $23,000. The company paid half in cash and issued a promissory note for the other half.

General

Journal

Page 1

Date Descri

ption

Post.

Ref.

Debit Credit





139. Provide explanations for the following related journal entries:

a. Cash 6,000

Common Stock 6,000

b. Law

Library

3,400

Accounts Payable 3,400

c. Cash 600

Accoun

ts

Receiva

ble

1,000

Legal Fees Earned 1,600

d. Cash 500


e. Accoun

ts

Payable

3,400

Cash 3,400


a. Prep

aid

Rent

4,000

Cash 4,000

b. Truc

ks

36,000

Notes Payable 36,000

c. Cash 600


d. Note

s

Paya

ble

18,000

Cash 18,000

e. Cash 2,500

Unearned Fees 2,500





141. Given the following ledger account and postings, complete the Balance column. Assume no previous

postings in the account

Unearned

Rent

Revenue

Account

No. 226

Date Item Post.

Ref.

Debit Credit Balance

Debit Cr

ed

it

2014

Nov. 1 J1 6,200

7 J1 1,400

8 J2 1,000

12 J2 400



Accounts

Payable

Account

No. 212

Date Item Post.

Ref.


Debit Cr

ed

it

20x5

Dec. 1 J1 8,200

7 J1 2,800

8 J2 600

12 J2 800







Accounts

Receivab

le

Account

No. 113

Date Item Post.

Ref.


Debit Cre

dit

2014

Mar. 1 J2 3,420

3 J3 640

9 J3 1,400

14 J3 820





144. During the most recent month, Ostriker Company began operations with a cash balance of $0 and made

cash sales of $81,000. During this same time period, the company paid $32,000 in cash

expenses. Additionally, the company purchased supplies on account, $34,000, made sales on account, $90,000,

and received cash on the credit sales $52,000.

a. If cash at the end of the month totals $74,000, how much cash was paid on account?

b. What is the total amount still to be paid?

c. What is the total amount still to be received?

145. During the most recent month, Campbell Company began operations with a cash balance of $0 and made


expenses. Additionally, the company purchased supplies on account, $68,000, made sales on account,

$180,000, and paid cash on account $12,000.

a. If cash at the end of the month totals $148,000, how much cash was received on account?







Chapter 2: Measurement Concepts: Recording Business

Transactions Key

1. The valuation issue deals with how the components of a transaction should be categorized.

FALSE

2. Business transactions are economic events that should be recorded in the accounting records.

TRUE

3. In accounting, to recognize means to record a transaction or event.

TRUE

4. Generally accepted accounting principles state that all business transactions should be valued at fair value

both when they occur and at all subsequent reporting dates.

FALSE

5. Fair value is the exchange price of an actual or potential business transaction between market participants.

TRUE

6. Normally, the value of an asset remains at its initial fair value or cost until the asset is sold, expires, or is

consumed.

TRUE

7. A credit to an asset account means that asset account has been increased.

FALSE

8. A debit has an unfavorable effect on an account.

FALSE





9. For a T account, an account balance is the difference in total dollars between total debit footings and total

credit footings.

TRUE

10. A decrease in a liability is recorded by a credit.

FALSE

11. The double-entry system is possible because all business transactions have at least two equal and opposite

aspects.

TRUE

12. A decrease in the Retained Earnings account is recorded with a debit.

TRUE

13. A transaction that increases expenses will decrease stockholders’ equity.

TRUE

14. The Common Stock account represents the stockholders’ claim against specific assets of the company,

while the Retained Earnings account represents the stockholders’ claim against the general assets of the

company.

FALSE

15. The first step in the accounting cycle is to post the journal entries to the ledger and prepare a trial balance.

FALSE

16. The normal balance of an account is the side (debit or credit) used to decrease the account.

FALSE

17. The general ledger is the basic storage unit for accounting data and is used to accumulate

amounts from similar transactions.

FALSE





18. One of the general rules of the double-entry system is that total debits must always be equal to total credits.

TRUE

19. Dividends are shown on both the income statement and the statement of retained earnings.

FALSE

20. Dividends are deductions from stockholders’ claims on retained earnings and are shown on the statement of

retained earnings.

TRUE

21. A journal entry is a notation that records a single transaction in the chronological accounting record known

as the book of original entry.

TRUE

22. A journal entry shows the date, credit account, and credit amount shown on one line, and the debit account

(indented) and debit amount shown on the next line.

FALSE

23. Liabilities are established with credits and eliminated with debits.

TRUE

24. Generally, before Accounts Receivable is debited, it is credited.

FALSE

25. A journal entry is a notation that consists of either a single debit or a single credit that is recorded in the

general ledger.

FALSE

26. A compound journal entry involves at least two debit accounts and two credit accounts.

FALSE





27. When a company records the purchase of 1 month of prepaid expense the transaction does not affect the

totals of assets or liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

TRUE

28. In a trial balance, all debits are listed before all credits.

FALSE

29. A trial balance is normally prepared at the end of each business day.

FALSE

30. When the columns of the trial balance equal each other, it is still possible that errors may have occurred in

recording and posting the transactions.

TRUE

31. A transposition error will cause the trial balance to be out of balance by an amount that is evenly divisible

by two.

FALSE

32. Recording an account with a debit balance as a credit, or an account with a credit balance as a debit, will

cause the trial balance to be out of balance by an amount that is evenly divisible by two.

TRUE

33. When a transaction results in an account with a balance that isn’t “normal,” the “abnormal” balance should

be corrected to the “normal” balance before copying the balance into the trial balance.

FALSE

34. A trial balance may be prepared at any point in time.

TRUE

35. The general journal is a chronological record of all transactions.

TRUE





36. Entering transactions into the journal is called posting.

FALSE

37. A ledger account is an abbreviated version of a T account.

FALSE

38. In a journal entry, debits are always indented.

FALSE

39. In a journal entry, the Post. Ref. column is left blank until the entry has been posted.

TRUE

40. The final step of the transaction analysis is the preparation of the trial balance.

TRUE

41. One might see “J5” correctly placed in the Post. Ref. column of the Accounts Payable account.

TRUE

42. Journal entries are typically posted to the ledger only at the end of the year.

FALSE

43. Another name for the ledger is the book of original entry.

FALSE

44. In the general journal, the year appears on the first line of the first column, the month on the next line of the

first column, and the day in the second column opposite the month.

TRUE

45. The general ledger is used to record the details of each transaction. The general journal is used to update

each account.

FALSE





46. When a company receives a product previously ordered, a recordable transaction has occurred.

TRUE

47. When a business hires a new employee, a recordable transaction has occurred.

FALSE

48. A transaction should be recorded when title to merchandise passes from the supplier to the purchaser and

creates an obligation to pay.

TRUE

49. Purchase requests and purchase orders are economic events, and as such they affect a company’s financial

position, and are recognized in the accounting records.

FALSE

50. When a company pays an employee for work performed, it is considered an economic event that is recorded

as a transaction.

TRUE

51. A purchase should usually not be recognized (recorded) before the title is transferred because, until that

point, the vendor has not fulfilled its contractual obligation and the buyer has no liability.

TRUE

52. The timing of cash flows is critical to a company’s ability to maintain adequate liquidity so that it can pay

its bills on time.

TRUE

53. All sales transactions generate immediate cash.

FALSE

54. In order to manage a company’s liquidity, managers and other users of financial information must

understand the difference between transactions that generate immediate cash and those that do not.

TRUE





55. One way a company can manage its expenditures is to rely on its creditors to give it time to pay for

purchases.

TRUE

56. All expenses incurred by a business are paid immediately in cash.

FALSE

57. Purchasing office supplies on account is an example of one way a company can take advantage of deferring

a cash payment.

TRUE

58. When a business reports an asset at an inflated dollar amount, is has violated the measurement issue of

A. recognition.

B. valuation.

C. classification.

D. realization.


A. When to record a business transaction.

B. How to classify the items of a business transaction.

C. When to classify the items of a business transaction.

D. Where to record a business transaction.

60. The issue of deciding when to record a transaction is solved by

A. properly classifying the transaction.

B. deciding on a point of recognition.

C. assigning historical cost to the transaction.

D. analyzing the intent of management.

61. The cost principle relates most closely to the

A. recognition point.

B. recognition issue.

C. valuation issue.

D. classification issue.






A. Valuation.

B. Recognition.

C. Evaluation.

D. Classification.

63. Which of the following is an illustration of the classification issue?

A. At what amount should land be shown on the balance sheet?

B. At what point should the payment of salaries to employees be recorded?

C. Should supplies be recorded as an asset or as an expense?

D. At what point should a bill be paid for the purchase of an item?

64. When a business erroneously records expenses as assets, it has violated the measurement issue of

A. communication.

B. classification.

C. valuation.

D. realization.

65. After initially recording an asset at cost, fair value is

A. the price at which an asset could be sold in a current transaction between independent parties.

B. the actual, or historical, price at which the asset was acquired.

C. the easiest value used to measure and record assets.

D. verifiable at all future dates by referring to the invoice price paid for the asset.

66. Proper __________ depends on correctly analyzing the effect of each transaction and on maintaining a

system of accounts that reflects that effect.

A. classification

B. valuation

C. recognition

D. realization

67. Which of the following accounts is increased with a debit?

A. Common Stock

B. Rent Payable

C. Service Revenue






68. Which of the following accounts is increased with a credit?

A. Office Supplies

B. Unearned Revenue

C. Land


69. Which pair of accounts follows the rules of debit and credit in the same manner?

A. Service Revenue and Equipment

B. Land and Dividends

C. Notes Payable and Buildings

D. Wages Expense and Service Revenue

70. Which pair of accounts follows the rules of debit and credit in the opposite manner?

A. Prepaid Insurance and Dividends

B. Advertising Expense and Land

C. Dividends and Service Revenue

D. Interest Payable and Common Stock

71. The double-entry system

A. requires that each transaction be recorded with at least one debit and one credit.

B. requires that the total amount of the debits must always equal the total amount of the credits.

C. is based on the principle of duality.


72. Which of the following does not impact the Statement of Retained Earnings?

A. Common Stock

B. Revenues

C. Expenses

D. Dividends

73. Which of the following is the final step in the accounting cycle?


B. Close the accounts.







74. Which of the following is the first step in the accounting cycle?


B. Analyze business transactions from source documents.



75. The declaration of dividends will

A. decrease net income.

B. increase liabilities.

C. not affect total assets.

D. increase stockholders’ equity.

76. A company records a transaction in which six months' rent is paid in advance. Which of the following

journal entries records the transaction?

A. Prepaid Rent – Debit; Cash – Credit

B. Rent Receivable – Debit; Cash – Credit

C. Rent Revenue – Debit; Cash – Credit

D. Rent Expense– Debit; Cash – Credit.

77. Receiving cash from a customer for settlement of an Accounts Receivable will

A. decrease Stockholders’ Equity.

B. increase net income.

C. increase total assets.

D. not affect total assets.

78. Which of the following events does not require a journal entry?

A. Purchase of a one-year insurance policy.

B. Agreement to perform a service at a future date.

C. Payment for a service performed previously.


79. When a company has performed a service but has not yet received payment, what is the required journal

entry to be recorded?

A. Accounts Receivable – Debit; Service Revenue – Credit

B. Service Revenue – Debit; Accounts Payable – Credit.

C. Service Revenue – Debit; Accounts Receivable – Credit






80. When a service has been performed, but no cash has been received, which of the following statements is

true?

A. The entry would include a debit to Accounts Receivable.

B. The entry would include a debit to Accounts Payable.

C. The entry would include a credit to Unearned Revenue.



purchase of equipment for $8,500 cash; payment of $6,300 for 3 months of rent; and, collection of $2,400 from

a customer for services performed. At the beginning of the month the company was established by selling

10,000 shares of stock to the public for $15,000 cash. What is the balance in the Cash account at the end of the

month, and is the balance a debit or a credit?

A. $2,600 debit.

B. $2,600 credit.

C. $6,800 debit.

D. $15,200 debit.


purchase of supplies on credit, $4,200; receipt of a bill for utilities for the month which is due on the 15th of the

next month, $1,200; and, partial payment on the balance due for supplies, $800. What is the balance in the

Accounts Payable account at the end of the month assuming a beginning balance of $0, and is the balance a

debit or a credit?

A. $4,600 debit.

B. $4,600 credit.

C. $3,400 credit.

D. $5,400 credit.




$22,000 were recorded for the month. What is the balance of Stockholders’ Equity at the end of the month, and

is the balance a debit or a credit?

A. $34,000 debit.

B. $34,000 credit.

C. $20,000 credit.

D. $6,000 debit.








$22,000 were recorded for the month. Additionally, on the last day of the month the company declared

dividends of $2,000. What is the balance of Stockholders’ Equity at the end of the month, and is the balance a

debit or a credit?

A. $32,000 debit.

B. $32,000 credit.

C. $18,000 credit.

D. $36,000 debit.

85. An $800 debit item is accidentally posted as a credit. The trial balance column totals will therefore differ by

A. $0

B. $400

C. $800

D. $1,600


Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $ 6,000


Art Supplies 6,000


Prepaid Rent 14,000





Common Stock 30,000

Dividends ?


Wages Expense ?



$ A $ B

If the balance of the Dividends account were $100,000 and the balance of the Wages Expense account were $10,000, what would be the amount of

B?

A. $124,000

B. $150,000

C. $192,000

D. $152,000






Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $ 6,000


Art Supplies 6,000


Prepaid Rent 14,000





Common Stock 30,000

Dividends ?


Wages Expense ?



$ A $ B

If the trial balance showed a balance of $14,000 in the Dividends account and a balance of $30,000 in the Wages Expense account, what would be

the amount of Advertising Fees Earned for the period?

A. $106,000

B. $86,000

C. $116,000

D. $56,000


Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $28,000


Art Supplies 6,000


Prepaid Rent 14,000





Common Stock 30,000

Dividends 14,000

Advertising Fees Earned 108,000

Wages Expense 30,000


Telephone Expense 6,000 _______

$148,000 $148,000





On the trial balance, total assets equal

A. $108,000

B. $104,000

C. $88,000

D. $68,000


Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $ 6,000


Art Supplies 6,000


Prepaid Rent 14,000





Common Stock 30,000

Dividends ?


Wages Expense ?



$ A $ B

If the trial balance showed a balance of $16,000 in the Wages Expense account and a balance of $86,000 in the Advertising Fees Earned account,

what would be the amount of A?

A. $126,000

B. $106,000

C. $136,000

D. $116,000






Parker Company

Trial Balance

January 31, 20x5

Cash $ 6,000


Art Supplies 6,000


Prepaid Rent 14,000





Common Stock 30,000

Dividends ?


Wages Expense ?



$ A $ B

If the trial balance showed a balance of $8,000 in the Wages Expense account and a balance of $85,000 in the Advertising Fees Earned account, what

would be the amount of the Dividends account?

A. $75,000

B. $53,000

C. $35,000

D. $63,000

91. Which of the following errors will not cause the debit and credit columns of the trial balance to be unequal?

A. A debit entry was recorded in the wrong account.

B. A debit was entered in an account as a credit.

C. The account balance was carried to the wrong column of the trial balance.

D. The balance of an account was incorrectly computed.

92. The primary purpose of the trial balance is to test the

A. recording of transactions.

B. analysis of transactions.

C. equality of debit and credit balances in the ledger.

D. equality of debit and credit balances in the journal.

93. A $155 credit item is posted as a debit. The trial balance column totals therefore will differ by

A. $310

B. $620

C. $155

D. $0






A. An entire transaction was entered in the general journal as $27 instead of $72.

B. An entire transaction was omitted from the general journal.

C. The balance of an account was incorrectly computed.

D. A debit entry was entered in the wrong debit account.


A. Posting a debit to Land as a debit to Machinery.

B. Placing a debit balance amount into the credit balance column of the ledger.

C. Omitting an entire transaction.

D. Incorrectly recording the purchase of land for cash as a debit to Cash and a credit to Land.

96. The general journal does not have a column titled

A. Description.

B. Account Balance.

C. Date.

D. Post. Ref.

97. To find a description of a transaction, one should look at the

A. ledger.

B. trial balance.

C. journal.

D. chart of accounts.

98. Which of the following accounts might be placed first in a journal entry?



C. Unearned Revenue, when it has been increased.

D. Service Revenue, when it has been increased.

99. Which of the following accounts would be placed after the debit(s) in a journal entry?



C. Unearned Revenue, when it has been decreased.

D. Dividends, when it has been increased.





100. Which of the following statements is false about a journal entry?

A. All debits are always listed before any credits.

B. It may have more than one debit or credit entry.

C. Credits are always indented.

D. Accounts that are increased are always listed first.

101. Which of the following accounts should be debited in a journal entry?

A. Accounts Receivable, when it has been decreased.

B. Dividends, when it has been increased.

C. Wages Payable, when it has been increased.


102. The process of transferring journal entry information from the journal to the ledger is called

A. journalizing.

B. posting.

C. footing.

D. analyzing.

103. The account most recently posted is determined most efficiently by referring to the

A. Post. Ref. column of the ledger.

B. balance column of the ledger.

C. date column of the general journal.

D. Post. Ref. column of the general journal.

104. Posting is performed by transferring information from the

A. source documents to the journal.

B. source documents to the ledger.

C. journal to the ledger.

D. ledger to the journal.

105. Which of the following guidelines is correct?

A. Dollar signs ($) are required in all financial statements and other schedules.

B. Account names are capitalized when referenced in text or listed in work documents like the journal or ledger.

C. In financial statements only the first word of an account name is capitalized.






106. Which of the following is a business event that is not considered a recordable transaction?

A. A company receives a product previously ordered.

B. A company pays an employee for work performed.

C. A customer inquires about the availability of a service.

D. A customer purchases a service.

107. Which of the following is a business event that is considered a recordable transaction?

A. A company hires a new employee.

B. A customer purchases merchandise.

C. A company orders a product from a supplier.

D. An employee sends a purchase requisition to the purchasing department.

108. A purchase is recognized in the accounting records when

A. payment is made for the item purchased.

B. the purchase requisition is sent to the purchasing department.

C. title transfers from the seller to the buyer.

D. the buyer receives the seller's bill.

109. Which of the following business events is not a transaction?

A. Signing a contract.

B. Paying wages.

C. Receiving goods.

D. Purchasing a service.

110. Which of the following is not an example of obvious financial reporting frauds as discussed in the text?

A. Keeping the books open for a few days after the end of the reporting period.


C. Recording as assets expenditures that should have been classified as expenses.


111. Which of the following is an example of an obvious financial reporting fraud as discussed in the text?

A. Closing the books at the end of the reporting period.


C. Recording as expenses expenditures that should have been classified as expenses.






112. Slim Co. is ordering a new computer for its corporate office. Which of the following events would trigger

the recognition of the computer and related liability on Slim’s books?


B. The purchasing department sends a purchase order to the supplier.

C. The company receives the computer.

D. The company receives the bill from the supplier.

113. Mesquite, Inc. is ordering a new machine to be used in its manufacturing facility. Which of the following

events would trigger the recognition of the machine and related liability on Mesquite’s books?


B. A technician installs the machine on the floor of the manufacturing facility.

C. The company receives the machine.

D. The company pays the bill from the supplier.







Paid on account 400


A. $940

B. $1,140

C. $740

D. $2,440







Paid on account 400

What is the amount of cash still to be received?

A. $2,300

B. $1,500

C. $1,900

D. $400











Paid on account 400


A. $2,300

B. $2,100

C. $1,300

D. $400









A. $18,000

B. $47,000

C. $94,000

D. $52,000








What is the amount of cash still to be collected?

A. $126,000

B. $341,000

C. $144,000

D. $18,000













A. $302,000

B. $190,000

C. $144,000

D. $87,000






Collected on account ??


If the balance in cash after these transactions is $115,000, how much cash was collected on account?

A. $67,000

B. $62,000

C. $15,000

D. $29,000







Paid on account ??

If the balance in cash after these transactions is $165,000, how much cash was paid on account?

A. $43,000

B. $57,000

C. $1,000

D. $21,000





122. Match each item with the correct statement below.

1. Process of assigning a monetary amount to business

transactions. Recognition 7

2. Basic storage unit for accounting data and used to

accumulate amounts from similar transactions. Valuation 1

3. Left side. Classification 5

4. A series of steps that measure and communicate useful

information to decision makers.

Accounting

cycle 4

5. Process of assigning all the transactions in which a

business engages to appropriate categories, or accounts. Journal 9

6. Process of transferring transactions from the journal to

the ledger. Trial balance 8

7. Refers to the decision as to when to record a business

transaction. Posting 6

8. A device used to ensure that the total of debits and

credits in the accounts are equal. Cost principle 10

9. The book of original entry. Account 2

10. Recording transactions at the exchange price at the

point of recognition. Debit 3

123. Use this journal entry to answer the following question.

Nov. 16 Accoun

ts

Payable

685

Cash 685

Recorded payment of a liability

Explain how the above journal entry relates to the measurement issues of (a) recognition, (b) valuation, and (c) classification.

a. The transaction occurred and was recognized on November 16.

b. A valuation of $685 was placed on the transaction.

c. The accounts involved were determined to be (classified as) Accounts Payable and Cash.

124. Why is the Dividends account increased by a debit? Explain in terms of its relationship to stockholders'

equity.

Dividends represent a decrease in stockholders' equity. According to the rules of debit and credit, a decrease in

stockholders' equity is recorded as a debit.





125. For each of the following economic events determine whether the event is a business transaction on the

date it occurs and whether it’s recognized in the accounts on that date. Support your answer.

a. On July 15, the controller of Kona Corporation orders a custom display case for the company’s store.

b. On July 31, a new administrative assistant is hired at a monthly salary of $3,500.

c. On July 31, the controller of Kona Corporation receives a bill for electricity for the month of July. The bill is

due on August 18 and will be paid on that date.

a. This economic event is not a business transaction and is not recognized on July 15. There is no information

that the custom display case has been shipped or that title has passed to Kona Corporation.

b. This is not a business transaction and is not recognized on July 31. The administrative assistant has not yet

begun working for Kona Corporation and is not yet owed any salary for services performed.

c. This is a business transaction and is recognized in the accounts on July 31. The stockholders’ equity account,

Utilities Expense, is increased with a debit and the liability account, Accounts Payable, is increased with a

credit.

126. A trial balance proves that the accounts are in balance. Does a balanced trial balance also prove that all

the transactions are correctly analyzed and recorded? Why or why not?

The trial balance proves whether the accounts are in balance. In balance means that the total of all debits

recorded equals the total of all credits recorded. But the trial balance does not prove that the transactions were

analyzed correctly or recorded in the proper accounts. For example, the trial balance does not show that a debit

should have been made in Office Supplies rather than in Office Equipment. And the trial balance does not

detect whether transactions have been omitted, because equal debits and credits will have been omitted. Also, if

an error of the same amount is made in both a debit and a credit, it will not be evident in the trial balance. The

trial balance proves only that the debits and credits in the accounts are in balance.

127. If a debit to Supplies were posted as a credit, and a credit of the same amount to Cash were posted as a

debit, what would be the effect, if any, on the two accounts and on the trial balance column totals?

The Cash account would be overstated, Supplies would be understated, and the trial balance would balance.





128. What type of information does the general journal include for each transaction?

The entries in a general journal include the following information about each transaction:

Date: The year appears on the first line of the first column, the month on the next line of the first column, and

the day in the second column opposite the month. For subsequent entries on the same page for the same month

and year, the month and year can be omitted.

Accounts: The names of the accounts debited and credited appear in the Description column. The names of the

accounts that are debited are placed next to the left margin opposite the dates; on the line below, the names of

the accounts credited are indented.

Amounts: The debit amounts appear in the Debit column opposite the accounts that are debited, and the credit

amounts appear in the Credit column opposite the accounts credited.

Explanation: An explanation of each transaction appears in the Description column below the account names.

An explanation should be brief but sufficient to identify the transaction.

Account numbers: The account numbers appear in the Post. Ref. (posting reference)

column, if they apply.

129. What are the steps in the posting process for the debit side of an entry?

The steps in the posting process for the debit side of an entry are:

Step 1: In the ledger, locate the debit account named in the journal entry.

Step 2: Enter the date of the transaction in the ledger and, in the Post. Ref. column, the journal page number

from which the entry comes.

Step 3: In the Debit column of the ledger account, enter the amount of the debit as it appears in the journal.

Step 4: Calculate the account balance and enter it in the appropriate Balance column.

Step 5: Enter in the Post. Ref. column of the journal the account number to which the amount has been posted.

130. Discuss the difference between business events that are transactions and those that are not. Why is the

distinction important?

Business events become transactions and are recorded when title passes from the seller to the buyer or, in the

case of services, when the service is performed. The distinction is important because the recording of a

transaction will have an effect on the financial position of the business.

131. Ironwood Company has just started operations. The company sold 5,000 shares of common stock to

investors for $10,000 to get the business started. The company has made several sales on account, but has not

yet collected any cash from these sales. At this point, Ironwood’s cash flows for expenses are exceeding its

cash flows from revenues. How might Ironwood make up the difference so it can maintain its liquidity?

Ironwood can seek more time from creditors to pays its bills, it can get a bank loan, or it can sell unused land,

equipment, or other assets.





132. Using the following transactions, calculate (A) the ending balance of Cash, (B) the ending balance of

Accounts Receivable, (C) total liabilities, and (D) Stockholders’ Equity at the end of the period. For parts a, b,

and d, indicate whether each balance is debit or credit.


b. Billed customers for services rendered, $10,000.

c. Paid for six months' subscription in advance, $2,500.

d. Received advertising bill, to be paid next week, $500.

e. Dividends of $4,000 were paid to common stock holders.

f. Received $7,500 from customers billed in b.

g. Paid half of advertising bill.

h. Received $1,000 in advance of performing a service.

a. $51,750 debit ($50,000 + $7,500 + $1,000 – $2,500 – $4,000 – $250)

b. $2,500 debit ($10,000 – $7,500)

c. $1,250 credit ($500 + $1,000 – $250)

d. $55,500 credit ($50,000 + $10,000 – $500 – $4,000)

133. Using the following transactions, calculate the ending balance of (A) total assets, (B) total liabilities, (C)

Cash, and (D) Stockholders’ Equity. Indicate whether each balance is debit or credit.


b. Paid one year's insurance in advance, $4,800.

c. Billed customers for services rendered, $12,000.

d. Received utility bill, to be paid next month, $800.

e. Received $1,600 in advance of performing a service.

f. Received $8,800 from customers billed in c.

g. Paid $600 on the utility bill of d.

h. Dividends of $4,000 were paid to common stock holders.

a. $81,000 debit ($72,000 + $12,000 + $1,600 – $600 – $4,000)

b. $1,800 credit ($800 + $1,600 – $600)

c. $73,000 debit ($72,000 + $1,600 + $8,800 – $4,800 – $600 – $4,000)

d. $79,200 credit ($72,000 + $12,000 – $800 – $4,000)





134. From the following alphabetical list of account balances, all of which are normal, for Ivy Maxx Company

on July 31, 20x5, prepare a trial balance in proper form (the amount of dividends paid by Ivy Maxx must be

computed) .



Cash 40

Equipment 350

Common Stock 75

Dividends ?


Revenue Earned 200

Wages Expense 35

Wages Payable 25

Ivy Maxx Company

Trial Balance

July 31, 20x5

Cash $ 40



Equipment 350


Wages Payable 25

Common Stock 75

Dividends 15

Revenue Earned 200

Wages Expense 35 _ ____

$550 $550

135. Using the alphabetical list of account balances presented below, all of which are normal, prepare a trial

balance for Cookies and Cream Company at June 30, 20x5, in proper order. Compute the balance of the Cash

account.



Cash ?

Equipment 800

Office Expense 360

Common Stock 880

Service Revenue 600





Cookies and Cream Company

Trial Balance

June 30, 20x5

Cash $ 40


Equipment 800


Common Stock 880

Service Revenue 600

Office Expense 360 ____

$1,760 $1,760

136. From the following alphabetical list of account balances, all of which are normal, for Cannon Company on

September 30, 20x5, prepare a trial balance in proper form (the amount of dividends paid by Cannon Company

must be computed) .



Cash 400

Equipment 1,380



Common Stock 1,200

Dividends ?

Wages Expense 60

Wages Payable 20

Cannon Company

Trial Balance

September 30, 20x5

Cash $ 400



Equipment 1,380


Wages Payable 20

Common Stock 1,200

Dividends 680


Wages Expense 60 ______

$3,000 $3,000

137. Record the following transactions, using proper form, in the journal provided.

June 9 Provided services in the amount of $4,000, receiving $300 in partial payment.

19 Received $1,600 of the amount owed from June 9.





General

Journal

Page

1

Date Descri

ption

Post.

Ref.

Debit Credit





General

Journal

Page 1

Date Descripti

on

Post.

Ref.

De

bit

Credit

June 9 Cash 300

Acco

unts

Rece

ivabl

e

3,700

Ser

vic

e

Rev

enu

e

4,000

Rec

eiv

ed

cas

h in

part

ial

pay

me

nt

of

ser

vic

es

ren

der

ed

19 Cash 1,600

Acc

oun

ts

Rec

eiv

abl

e

1,600

Rec

eiv

ed

cas

h

on

acc

oun

t





138. In the journal provided, prepare journal entries without explanations for the following transactions. Write

“no entry” if none is needed.

a. Received a $1,000 invoice for this month's electricity. Payment will be made in 2 weeks.

b. Paid $1,200 for insurance premiums to cover the next six months.

c. Dividends of $700 were paid.

d. The utility bill from part “a” is paid.

e. Purchased land for $23,000. The company paid half in cash and issued a promissory note for the other half.

General

Journal

Page 1

Date Descri

ption

Post.

Ref.

Debit Credit





General

Journal

Page

1

Date Descr

iption

Post.

Ref.

Debit Credit

a.

Utiliti

es

Expen

se

1,000


b.

Prepai

d

Insura

nce

1,200

Cash 1,200

c.

Divid

ends

700

Cash 700

d.

Acco

unts

Payab

le

1,000

Cash 1,000

e.

Land

23,000

Cash 11,500



a. Cash 6,000

Common Stock 6,000

b. Law

Library

3,400


c. Cash 600

Accoun

ts

Receiva

ble

1,000

Legal Fees Earned 1,600

d. Cash 500


e. Accoun

ts

Payable

3,400

Cash 3,400





a. Common stock was sold to investors.

b. Purchased a law library, to be paid for at a later time.

c. Rendered $1,600 in legal services; $600 was received in cash, the remainder to be received at a later time.

d. Received $500 from c.

e. Paid for the law library of b.


a. Prep

aid

Rent

4,000

Cash 4,000

b. Truc

ks

36,000


c. Cash 600


d. Note

s

Paya

ble

18,000

Cash 18,000

e. Cash 2,500

Unearned Fees 2,500

a. Made advance payment of rent.

b. Issued promissory note for purchase of company truck.

c. Received payment from credit customer.

d. Paid half of promissory note for purchase of company truck.

e. Received cash in advance of performing a service.







Unearned

Rent

Revenue

Account

No. 226

Date Item Post.

Ref.


Debit Cr

ed

it

2014

Nov. 1 J1 6,200

7 J1 1,400

8 J2 1,000

12 J2 400

Unearned

Rent

Revenue

Account

No. 226

Date Item Post.

Ref.


Debit C

r

e

d

it

2014

Nov. 1 J1 6,200 6,200

7 J1 1,400 4,800

8 J2 1,000 5,800

12 J2 400 5,400



Accounts

Payable

Account

No. 212

Date Item Post.

Ref.


Debit Cr

ed

it

20x5

Dec. 1 J1 8,200

7 J1 2,800

8 J2 600

12 J2 800





Accounts

Payable

Account

No. 212

Date Item Post.

Ref.


Debit Cr

ed

it

20x5

Dec. 1 J1 8,200 8,200

7 J1 2,800 5,400

8 J2 600 6,000

12 J2 800 5,200



Accounts

Receivab

le

Account

No. 113

Date Item Post.

Ref.


Debit Cre

dit

2014

Mar. 1 J2 3,420

3 J3 640

9 J3 1,400

14 J3 820

Accounts

Receivab

le

Account

No. 113

Date Item Post.

Ref.


Debit Cre

dit

2014

Mar. 1 J2 3,420 3,4

20

3 J3 640 2,7

80

9 J3 1,400 1,3

80

14 J3 820 2,2

00





144. During the most recent month, Ostriker Company began operations with a cash balance of $0 and made


expenses. Additionally, the company purchased supplies on account, $34,000, made sales on account, $90,000,

and received cash on the credit sales $52,000.

a. If cash at the end of the month totals $74,000, how much cash was paid on account?



a.

Cash sales $ 81,000

- Cash expenses (32,000)

+ Cash rec’d on acct. 52,000

- Cash paid on acct. (27,000)

Cash on hand $ 74,000

b. $34,000 - 27,000 = $7,000

c. $90,000 - 52,000 = $38,000

145. During the most recent month, Campbell Company began operations with a cash balance of $0 and made


expenses. Additionally, the company purchased supplies on account, $68,000, made sales on account,

$180,000, and paid cash on account $12,000.

a. If cash at the end of the month totals $148,000, how much cash was received on account?



a.

Cash sales $ 162,000

- Cash expenses (64,000)

- Cash paid on acct. (12,000)

- Cash rec’d on acct. 62,000

Cash on hand $ 148,000

b. $68,000 - 12,000 = $56,000

c. $180,000 - 62,000 = $118,000





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