Effect of implementing structured communication messages ...
Chapter 2- Elements of Communication · Communicationis A(process(of(sending(and(receiving(...
Transcript of Chapter 2- Elements of Communication · Communicationis A(process(of(sending(and(receiving(...
Communication (Journal)
How often have you thought you explained something well only to discover that your friend did not understand?
What silly conversational mistakes have caused some serious misunderstandings in your life?
Can you identify exactly why the problems happened
Communication is
A process of sending and receiving communication
Communication involves certain essential elements Verbal messages Non-‐verbal messages Perception Channel Feedback context
Verbal Messages
Are spoken words, we use for communication Involve both the choice of words and the order of the words in a sentence Words do not have same meaning for everyone Words also change meaning over time
Communicators need to know how to select the most exact words to get their message across accurately
Idiomatic expressions
Cannot really derived from literal meaning of the words
Examples: “Keep tabs on” “Take a walk” “Beat the clock” “Bite the dust” “Pull a fast one” “Raise the roof”
Who might understand the meaning of these statements? “Whisk vinegar, olive oil, and shallots together”
“Write an equation for each problem” “Use a clove hitch a tie and line to the piling” “Click a start button in Windows Vista” “The switch-‐hitter is 5 to 21 with three home runs”
“The next five measures are andante”
Predict what problems someone might have in understanding the following statements:
“Don’t have a cow, man.” “Quit acting like a wannabe.” “Take the scoop up and attach it to the batten.”
Differences in Meaning
Different people may have difficulty understanding the same message even when all the words are English.
Not all words mean the same thing to all people
Even a simple word like “right” has different meaning in different situations. I have a right to know I have a right answer Take a right turn
Small Group
List a possible meaning of the following words and phrases:
Expensive party See you later Tall hot What a day! Free bad She is cool.
What’s on Friday night? That’s an interesting video.
Meanings
Denotative: definitions found in dictionary
Connotative: an emotional or personal response (positive or negative) to a word
For example: Most people would have positive emotional responses to the words home, peaceful, cozy, and friend and negative responses to the words liar, anxious, filthy and terrorist.
Changes in Language
Language changes constantly Old words may disappear entirely or their meanings may change
Example: The word “clepe” meaning “to call” or “name” has disappeared from ordinary use.
The word “score” dates from the 14th century, and one early definition of the word is “twenty”
Who used the word “score” in one of his famous speech?
Slang
Informal language It is unique to a particular group These word change often Used in informal conversations Within a certain age groups Most often understood by small number of people
Interact
Interview someone over the age of fifty. Ask the person list ten words in use today that he/she did not know as a young person. Combine your list with the lists of three or four other classmates and share your findings with the class.
Nonverbal Messages
Messages expressed without words. appearance, facial expression, eye contact, posture, gestures and voice affect how words are understood
Factors like space, time and place play a major role
We depend heavily on wordless communication
Appearance
We probably make quick first judgment about others based on appearance
Who would you ask for directions if you are lost?
How we dress, hairstyle, use make up and decorations send message
Facial Expression & Eye Contact Smiles or frowns tells others a great deal about how a person is feeling
It reveals quickly that a person is angry, happy, frustrated or nervous
People believe eyes are the most expressive part of the body
Read feelings such as anger, surprise or delight
“The eyes are the windows to the soul”
Voice
Not what is said but how it is said conveys important messages
Pitch—high or low tone of voice Rate—quickly or slowly; the pace Vocal Quality—tone or sound of voice Volume—the loudness and softness of voice
Voice
Some voices put listeners to sleep and others make listeners to pay attention
You need to vary your voice in order to hold your audiences attention
Change in voice make your speech interesting and help make your meaning clear
Speaking Non-‐Verbally
1. Handout for Pantomime 2. Read the handout carefully 3. The Pantomime speeches are due
Feelings
You depend heavily on nonverbal messages to understand feelings and attitudes.
Good communicators learn to read nonverbal cues rather than relying only on the verbal message
so much is communicated nonverbally. actions speak louder than words.
Nonverbal and cultures
Nonverbal messages differ according to culture.
Many American business executives have to be taught how to understand the nonverbal messages of different cultures
Good communicator
Verbal and nonverbal messages are central to the communication process.
A good communicator sends and interprets both verbal and nonverbal messages skillfully.
Communicator understands the vocal production process.
Messages are only one element of the whole communication process.
Perception The process of giving information you learn through your five senses is called perception.
It involves two steps: 1. Something affects your senses. (You see,
hear, taste, smell, or touch something) 2. You interpret and explain the sensation to
yourself. (You give meaning to what you are seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, or touching)
Perception
The meaning of a message tends to change as it moves from person to person.
This explains many misunderstandings and conflicts that interfere with communication.
The meanings change because the perception process can vary with the individual.
Physical Difference
Most people have the use of all their senses, they may have very different abilities. Far or near sightedness Variant hearing
Such physical problems may affect a person ability to take in information through his or her senses.
Past Experiences
Our past experiences add to differences to perception and to our ability to understand what we perceive.
Past experiences may range from those that are considered general, to those shared by many people you know.
Your past experiences will influence how you accept or reject a message.
They also influence how people talk and how they listen.
Present situation
How you feel mentally and physically also affects communication. If you have a headache or daydreaming about a person you like, it may keep you from paying close attention to a conversation.
Channel of Communication People need a way to send and receive their messages.
All messages are sent through a channel that uses the human senses.
It is a means by which a message is transmitted.
Like a television set or a radio, you have many channels and can switch them at will.
Channels of Communication
People tend to place greater importance on one channel than on another. Tone of voice Facial expressions Sight Movement touch
Noise When a person has trouble understanding a message, there is said to be “noise in the channel.”
Noise is anything that interferes with a listeners’ ability to receive a message. Internal External
Noise in the channel can lead to faulty perception and misunderstanding.
Feedback
To communicate successfully, Person A must interpret Person B’s feedback accurately.
When you are communicating, the person you are talking with responds to you verbally and nonverbally.
Feedback consists of both verbal and nonverbal messages that tell speakers how they are being perceived.
Positive and Negative Feedback Positive feedback tells you to continue what you are doing.
Negative feedback tells you there is a problem to deal with or lets you know the listener does not agree with your ideas.
It is important to recognize whether a listener is confused or whether a listener is disagreeing.
Self-‐Feedback
Self-‐feedback is the message you give yourself as you pay attention to your own behavior.
Communication goes smoothly when speakers and listeners pay attention to feedback.
Without feedback, speakers and listeners would not be able to adapt to each other.