Chapter 2 Data in Science. Section 1: Tools and Models.
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Transcript of Chapter 2 Data in Science. Section 1: Tools and Models.
![Page 1: Chapter 2 Data in Science. Section 1: Tools and Models.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051200/5a4d1b517f8b9ab0599a79a6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2Data in Science
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Section 1: Tools and Models
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Vocabularymass
amount of matter in an objectvolume
amount of space something occupiesmeasure of the size of an object in a 3D space
densityamount of a matter in a given volume
D = mass/volume D= m/v
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Vocabularytemperature
measurement of how hot/cold substance ismodel
representation of object or a system
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Vocabularytheory
a system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence
Lawdescriptive statement or equation that reliably
predicts events under certain conditions
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Tools in ScienceNeed to be accurateuse the proper tool
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Making MeasurementsInternational System of Units
aka “metric system”based on multiples of 10
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Making MeasurementsLength
meter (m)Mass
kilogram (kg)1 kg = 2.2 lbs
volumeliter ( L )
1 mL = 1 cm³
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Densityratio of mass to volume
amount of matter inside
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Models in Scienceused to simplify complex conceptsphysical
sketch or scale trainmathematical
weathereconomics
conceptualbig bang theory
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Models in scienceRight size
models help to make large items easy to see
models brings to life unseen conceptssound waves
Limitationsonly as good as information put into it
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Making Scientific Progress
Models:summarize infotool for communication
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Making Scientific Progress
Scientific Theorybased upon repeated tests of a
hypothesisexplainsand predicts
Lawsummary of multiple experimentstells you how things workstronger than theory
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Section 2: Organizing Data
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Vocabularyindependent variabledependent variableaxis
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Vocabularyindependent variable
the factor that is deliberately manipulateddependent variable
the factor that changes as a result of the independent variable being changed
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Vocabularyaxis
one of two reference lines that mark the borders of a graph.
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
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Creating a Data Tableorganization is key
gather data from researchdata table with 2 columns
independent variable goes on x-axisfactor that is changed in an experiment
dependent variablesgoes on y axischanges as a result of the independent
variable
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Creating a Data TableControlled parameter
factors that stay constant throughout the experiment
variable parameterfactors that change in an experiment
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Creating a Graphhighly visual
easy format to see informationAxis
x-axis is horizontal x-axis is independent variabley-axis is verticaly-axis is dependent variable
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Creating a tableRange
the extent of each variablesubtract the smallest value from the
largest value
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Range:
x axis:
6 days- 1 days = 5 days
y axis
65 deg - 40 deg = 25 degrees
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Creating a TableScale
each axis has its own scale factorData Points
plot data points firstthen find line of best fit
captures the most datalinear
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Creating a TableLabels!
each axisand a title
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Patterns Shown by Graphs
trenddirection or pattern of data
straight line = linearcurved line = non-linear
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Patterns Shown by a Graph
Positive or Negative Relationship
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Sec 3: Analyzing Your Data
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vocabularyMeanMedianModeSlope
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Vocabularymean- the number obtained by adding up the data and dividing by the sum of the occurances.
- aka… AVERAGE- median
- middle number when data arranged in order from lowest to highest
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Vocabularymode- most frequently occurring value
slope- measure of the steepness of a line
- ratio of rise over run
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Why Mathematics?• Math is international language• measures properties• exact• patterns can be seen
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Accuracy of Data• make sure tools are functioning
correct• make sure you are using tool
properly
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Reproducing Data• data must be reproducible in
future experiments • verifies the results
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Describing Data Sets mean
average find the mean of
26, 20, 15, 27
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Describing Data Set median
the middle number
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Describing Data SetMode
➔number that appears most often
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Slope of a Line➔rate of change ➔slant of a line
◆rise over run◆change of y values divided by the change
of x values
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Slope of a Line Positive, Negative, or horizontal lines