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Chapter 2. Communication is effective only if it creates the desired impact on the receiver. ...
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Transcript of Chapter 2. Communication is effective only if it creates the desired impact on the receiver. ...
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATIONChapter 2
SOME POINTS..
Communication is effective only if it creates the desired impact on the receiver.
Problems while CommunicatingDisturbance/Noise
Message is not proper
Either not put properly
Or not meant for that audience
STEPS TO RESOLVE COMMUNICATION FAILURE
1. Identify the problem2. Find the cause3. Work on alternative solutions4. Opt for the best solution5. Follow up religiously
Example:- “Bimonthly” example
WHAT IS NOISE
Any interference in the message sent and received leads to the production of “noise”.
Noise here does not mean cacophony(harsh sounds) but it refers to a break in the communication process.
It is like a barrier in the communication. This barrier acts like a sieve that filters
only part of the message thus causing undesired response.
CLASSIFICATION OF BARRIERS
1. INTRAPERSONAL Stems from a person’s attitude, behaviour,
knowledge, education and personality 2.INTERPERSONAL
Stems from inappropriate transaction of words between two or more people.
3. ORGANIZATIONAL Refers to barriers in organizational
communication
INTRAPERSONAL BARRIERS
All individuals are unique as we have different personalities, attitudes, values, knowledge etc
We react differently to different situations as our thinking varies.
Let’s explore the causes that lead to intrapersonal barriers:-
CAUSES OF INTRAPERSONAL BARRIERS
Let’s explore the causes that lead to intrapersonal barriers:-
1. Wrong assumptions2. Varied perceptions3. Differing background4. Wrong inferences5. Impervious categories6. Categorical thinking
WRONG ASSUMPTIONS Wrong assumptions occur when sender
and receiver does not have adequate knowledge about each other’s background.
Sometimes speaker does not realize the background, education etc of the receiver.
To be a good communicator try to put yourself in the shoes of the receiver..
Example – Doctor and Patient
VARIED PERCEPTIONS
Individuals perceive situations in different ways
Best way is to step back and take a wider perspective of the whole situation.
Example: Elephant and six blind men
DIFFERING BACKGROUNDS
Our background plays a very important role in how we interpret the message.
To be a good communicator , the speaker should know about the background of the audience.
Example:- A computer company representative explaining about hardware details about the hospital management system he plans to install to groups of doctors
WRONG INFERENCES
Wrong Inference is when we assume something without knowing the whole truth.
They are more dramatic than facts and can cause gossip and rumors.
Inference should always be supported by facts.
When presenting inferences you should always some evidences or facts behind it.
INTRAPERSONAL BARRIERS
Wrong assumptions Varied Perceptions Differing Background Wrong Inferences Impervious Categories Categorical Thinking
INTRAPERSONAL BARRIERS
Impervious categories People with a closed mind attitude are called misoneists. They are against any kind of change or innovation. They do not agree to any kind of deviation from their thinking and ideas.
These people might feel difficulty in communicating freely.
People with a open mind would react positively to information.
Example:- People being against computerization in their job.
CATEGORICAL THINKING
People who feel they know it all called pansophists. These people think they know everything about a subject and refuse to accept any further information.
Example:- You do not to listen in your orientation programme as you think you know it all!!!
TO SUM UP…
Good Communication should be:- Non judgmental Be empathetic Don’t assume anything Stick to the subject Listen and above all paraphrase ( to
explain something in other words)
INTERPERSONAL BARRIERS
These barriers occur due to inappropriate transaction of words between two or more people.
Two broad categories
Inefficiency in communication skills
Negative aspect nurturing in the climate
COMMON REASONS FOR INTERPERSONAL BARRIERS
1. Limited Vocabulary2. Incongruity ( mismatch) of Verbal or
Non-verbal message3. Emotional outburst4. Communication selectivity5. Cultural variations6. Poor listening skills
LIMITED VOCABULARY
If in your speech or writing, you are at a loss of words, your communication will be very ineffective. On the other hand, if you have a good
vocabulary and know how to use it properly, you would be a good communicator
Interpersonal_Barriers_1
INCONGRUITY OF VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL MESSAGES
The difference between verbal and non-verbal message can confuse the listener.
Non-verbal communication enhances verbal communication.
Actions speaks louder than words One very important aspect o non-
verbal communication is physical appearance Interpersonal_Barriers_2
GUIDELINES TO IMPROVE APPEARANCE Dress according to the
occasion Wear neat and clean clothes Choose an appropriate
hairstyle Wear clean and polished shoes
Interpersonal_Barriers_3
EMOTIONAL OUTBURST
Excessive emotional involvement is harmful to communication.
Example:- extreme anger can create an emotionally charged environment an rational discussion is not possible.
Messages can be misinterpreted, ignored or overreacted to by people displaying such behaviour.
Interpersonal_Barriers_4
GUIDELINES FOR AVOIDING EMOTIONAL OUTBURST
It is important to maintain ones’ composure in all kinds of communication
Viewing issues from different perspectives helps to develop rational thinking
If confronted such negative thinking, it is important that you do not retaliate( react).
Usually in emotional outburst situation, volume increases so it is good to keep the volume in check.
COMMUNICATION SELECTIVITY
If you are a receiver in any communication and you listen /pay attention to only a part of the messages, you are imposing a barrier known as Communication Selectivity.
Here receiver is at fault and not the sender.
This can also be part of written communication. Interpersonal_Barriers_5
CULTURAL VARIATION
Business practices, social customs and etiquettes of a particular country should be taken into consideration when communicating with people across the globe.
This has become very important as nowadays businesses are happening across national boundaries.
POOR LISTENING SKILLS
We should just not HEAR but LISTEN when we are the receiver in a communication process.
Listening requires careful attention and accurate decoding of the message.
Interpersonal_Barriers_6
NOISE IN THE CHANNEL
Noise is any unwanted signal which acts as a hindrance in the flow of communication.
Example- Disturbance in telephone lines, dim typescripts, illegible handwriting, noisy place etc…
Interpersonal_Barriers_7
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
Every organization has it’s communication techniques and communication climate.
Irrespective of it’s size, all organizations have communication policies.
These policies are referred as PROTOCOL.
The complexity and structure of this protocol can cause communication barriers.
MAIN ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
1. Too many Transfer points 2. Fear of Superiors 3. Negative Tendencies 4. Information Overload
TRANSFER STATIONS/POINTS
Transfer stations are points at which communication is passed. More the transfer stations, more is the
likelihood of message being distorted or lost For effective communication, we should have
less transfer points. In organizations, having rigid hierarchy,
transfer points are more. To have less transfer points, there should be
direct contact between sender and receiver. OrganizationalBarriers_1
WHY DO MESSAGES GET DISTORTED AT TRANSFER POINTS?
1. Poor Listening Lack of concentration Person’s tendency to leave out part of
the message
OrganizationalBarriers_1
FEAR OF SUPERIORS
In rigidly structured organization, subordinates would be fearful of the superiors and would not talk frankly.
On the other hand, in an open environment people will speak freely and will have active participation during meetings with their seniors.
OrganizationalBarriers_2
FEAR OF SUPERIORS
In written Communication Rigid Environment – Employees might give
all information that they have in fear and end up giving too bulky reports.
Such unfocussed reports can be a wastage of time.
Open Environment – Communication will flow effectively in the organization.
OrganizationalBarriers_2
NEGATIVE TENDENCIES
Negative tendencies can arise due to improper management of groups in an organization.
Groups can be formal or informal. There can be conflict of ideas between group
members and non-group members. Example:- Extra-curricular activities group in
class being opposed by others. But good managers can use these groups for
the effective working of the organization.OrganizationalBarriers_3
USE OF INAPPROPRIATE MEDIA
What are the different types of media that can be used in an organization for communication? Graphs and Charts, email, telephone,
presentations, teleconferencing, video-conferencing etc
Some factors to consider while choosing a medium:-
time, cost, type of message, intended audience
OrganizationalBarriers_4
WHEN TO USE WHAT?
What would you choose?? 1. Conveying confidential information 2. Declaring company outing 3. Giving offer letter to a candidate 4. Applying for leave
OrganizationalBarriers_4
INFORMATION OVERLOAD
Availability of huge amounts of data which the receiver is unable to handle.
Results in Fatigue Disinterest/Boredom Vital information can get lost Quality of information goes down
OrganizationalBarriers_5
What can be done to avoid information overload? Screening of information Major points to be highlighted Information should be directed only to
those who are affected by it. Example:- Calendar of events for students
should not include teacher’s department meeting schedule!!
INFORMATION OVERLOAD
OrganizationalBarriers_4
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
1. Open environment2. Keep receiver in mind3. Avoid too many transfer points4. Do not communicate when emotionally
disturbed5. Be aware of cultural diversity6. Use appropriate non-verbal cues7. Select suitable medium8. Analyze feedback