Chapter 2 Biology
-
Upload
shelly-ferguson -
Category
Education
-
view
9.173 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Chapter 2 Biology
![Page 1: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2Ecology
![Page 2: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ecology the study of interactions
that take place between organisms and their environment
![Page 3: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The biosphere is the portion of Earth that supports living things.
It extends from high in the atmosphere to the bottom of the oceans.
The BiosphereThe Biosphere
![Page 4: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Biotic Factors
The Living parts of the environment.
(giraffe, trees, grass…)
![Page 5: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Abiotic Factors
The Nonliving parts of the environment.
(temp., humidity, rocks, water…)
![Page 6: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Levels of Organization
Organism – Species – Population
– Community – Ecosystems
![Page 7: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Species
![Page 8: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Population
![Page 9: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Community
![Page 10: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Niche The role an organism plays in its
environment. Rule: No two organisms can occupy the same niche at the same time for very long.
![Page 11: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ecosystem
Made up of interacting populations in
a biological community and the
community’s abiotic factors.
There are two major kinds of ecosystems—terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems.
![Page 12: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Organisms in EcosystemsOrganisms in Ecosystems A habitat
is the place where an organism lives out its life.
![Page 13: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Symbiosis Living Together
3 Types
![Page 14: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mutualism Both species Benefit
from the relationship.
![Page 15: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Parasitism One species benefits
the other is harmed
![Page 16: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Commensalism One species benefits
The other is not hurt or helped
![Page 17: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Organisms and Energy
All the energy on Earth comes from the sun!!
![Page 18: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Autotroph Organisms that use
the energy from the sun to produce their own food.
(producers)
![Page 19: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Heterotroph Consumes other organisms as food
source. 3-Types
1. Herbivores
2. Carnivores
3. Scavengers and decomposers
![Page 20: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Herbivores Heterotrophs that
consume plants only.
Ex: cows, deer, rabbits…
(First order consumers)
![Page 21: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Carnivores Heterotrophs that
consume other animals.
Ex: Humans, cats…
(Second… order consumers.)
![Page 22: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scavengers Feed on dead
organisms.
Ex: vultures
![Page 23: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Decomposers Break down dead
plants and animals.
Ex: Bacteria and fungus
![Page 24: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
How does energy flow through the ecosystem???
In ONE direction only
![Page 25: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sun-Producers-Consumers-Decomposers- Released as heat
Sun-Producers-Consumers-Decomposers- Released as heat
Autotrophs
First-order heterotrophs
Third-order heterotrophs Second-order
heterotrophs
Decomposers
![Page 26: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Food Chain Simplest exchange of
energy.
![Page 27: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Food Web: Interconnected, overlapping food chains
![Page 28: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Food Web
![Page 29: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ecological Pyramids
Shows how energy flows through the ecosystem
![Page 30: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Energy Pyramid Shows how energy decreases by 90% at each trophic level.
Only 10% of the energy is passed onto the next level.
![Page 31: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Energy Pyramid Organisms at the
bottom of the pyramid are more numerous than at the top.
![Page 32: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Different Types of Pyramids
![Page 33: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Nutrients Nutrients cycle
through the ecosystem, never disappearing.
nutrients
nutrients
nutrients
![Page 34: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Water Cycle 3 parts…
1. Evaporation
2. Condensation
3. Precipitation
![Page 35: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Water Cycle
![Page 36: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Nitrogen Cycle 2 Parts…
1. Nitrification
2. Denitrification
![Page 37: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Chapter 2 Biology](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062319/55508f9db4c905235b8b50df/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Carbon Cycle