Chapter 2
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Transcript of Chapter 2
Chapter 2The 13 Colonies and the British Empire
Colony Types
Corporate: Investors place money into colony in hopes of making a profit Example? Jamestown in its early years
Royal: Under direct authority of King Example? Virginia *after its initial years as a
corporate colonyProprietary: governed by individuals given
authority by King Example? Maryland and Pennsylvania
13 ColoniesThe darkest colonies are considered the NORTHERN COLONIES.
The white colonies are considered the MIDDLE COLONIES.MARYLAND and VIRGINIA are sometimes considered “Chesapeake Colonies.”
The shaded colonies are considered the SOUTHERN COLONIES.
Maryland
Founder: Lord BaltimoreReligious Atmosphere: Initially Catholic but
quickly dominated by Protestants
Maryland Act of Toleration: Religious acceptance for all believers of Christ
Protestant Revolt: Repealed the Act of Toleration and eliminated voting rights for Catholics
Virginia Jamestown Virginia was founded by John Rolfe, but
the colony quickly moved from “joint-stock” to royal
Virginia House of Burgess is the first “assembly of elected representatives” in the North American English colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion: Nathaniel Bacon trained a local militia to challenge taxes imposed on poor farmers. It was successful until his passing.
**LEARN MORE: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueLdYi1AE-Q
One last thing about Virginia!
Headright system: goal was to increase population in Virginia thus stimulating the economy
Under this system, any immigrant that paid for his own passage or any plantation owner that paid for an immigrant’s passage received 50 acres of land!
Rhode Island
Founded by Roger William (kicked out of Massachusetts Bay for questioning Puritan ethic)
Champion of true religious tolerance and separation of church and state
Anne Hutchinson, also banished from Mass. Bay, settled in R.I. Antinomianism: faith alone, not deeds, is
necessary for salvation
Connecticut
Founder: Thomas HookerThe colony was founded by unhappy Puritans
from the Massachusetts Bay ColonyThe first written constitution in the colonies
was Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Established a limited representative government with a governor
Restoration Colonies
Created to restore the power of the English monarch, Charles II, following a brief period of Puritan rule under Oliver Cromwell.
South Carolina: economy based on furs and providing food for the West Indies; eventually it will become filled with rice plantations maintained by African slaves
North Carolina: not as successful as SC; small tobacco farms; reputation for “democratic views”
New YorkTaken from the Dutch to unite the New
England and Chesapeake ColoniesCharles the II instated his brother (eventual
James II) as the governor of New York Taxes were raised in the colony without
discussion with the assembly. This angered many colonists.
New Jersey: Part of the large New York colony was given to Lord Berkley—it became known as New Jersey NJ was home to many Quakers and became a
“religious tolerance” colony
Pennsylvania
Founder: William PennHoly Experiment: refuge for Quakers and
other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas, and generate income/profit
Penn paid Natives for the land he used Penn eventually granted the lower colonies of
Pennsylvania the ability to govern themselves—this became Delaware
Georgia
Founder: James OglethorpeLast of the British colonies to be foundedTwo main purposes: prevent Spanish Florida
from invading SC plantations AND allow English convicts a chance to start anew
Religious Revival
Halfway Covenant: Puritans that were viewed as “not religious enough” could take an oath to practice religion in an orthodox fashion and were promised salvation Temporary fix for Church membership;
eventually the Puritan Church will once again lose momentum
Colonial Unity
New England Confederation: Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and New Haven unified to create a militia to ward off invading Natives, French and the Dutch
King Philip’s War
The Confederation warded off the Wampanogs and leader Metacom (aka King Philip) Metacom united tribes to fight the English but lost in a
terribly bloody battle
LEARN MORE: PT1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DCFIJ26EaI
PT2:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GMV0OQjGsM&feature=relmfu
Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts were passed by the English
Parliament in the seventeenth century. The Acts were originally aimed at excluding the Dutch from the profits made by English trade.
The Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1696 restricted American trade in the following ways;
1. Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies.2. The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens.3. Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports.
Navigation ActsPositives: English shipbuilding prospered,
Chesapeake tobacco had a monopoly, English military protected the colonies from French and Spanish attacks
Negatives: Colonial manufacturing was very limited, Chesapeake farms received low prices for their crops, colonists had to pay high prices for English goods.
*These Acts were poorly enforced by the British!
SlaveryNumber of slaves grew rapidly between 1650
and the early 18th c. half of Virginia’s population & two-thirds of South
Carolina’s populationWhy?1. Wages in England increased = less
immigration to colonies 2. Large plantation owners were disturbed by the
political demands of indentured servants 3. As tobacco prices fell and indigo became more
profitable, plantation owners needed a cheap labor source
Triangular Trade
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/27991-assignment-discovery-triangular-trade-and-slave-ships-video.htm