Chapter 2
description
Transcript of Chapter 2
![Page 1: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2
Chapter 2 Minerals Reading: 2.1-2.6
![Page 2: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Relationships to Earth Systems
• Biosphere• Hydrosphere• Atmosphere• Lithosphere
1) Calcite Limestone,2) Halite,3) Clay minerals
![Page 3: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2.1 What is a Mineral?
• A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure.
![Page 4: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Is Ice a Mineral?• According to our definition?• Naturally occurring? • Inorganic? Solid?• Chemical composition ?• Crystalline structure?
![Page 5: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2.2 Chemical Composition • First lets go to Atoms !• All matter is made of Atoms.• Every speck of Gas, liquid, or
Solid surrounding you is a mix of millions of Atoms.
![Page 6: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Atoms and Elements
![Page 7: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
“The Big 8” Most Abundant Elements in Earth Crust
![Page 8: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Charging Particles: Ions Positive Charge +
Cation(1-8)
Negative Charge –Anion(1-4)
![Page 9: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Other Bonds
• Covalent BondBetween 2 Nonmetals neither one donates or gives up an electron, They simply Share in outer orbital shell forming Covalent bond
• Metallic Bond very few electrons in the outer most electron shells. Instead of donating or sharing these electrons are released from the orbital shell and available for a nearby cluster of atoms to use. “floting in a sea of Electrons”
![Page 10: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Formulating Compounds
• SiO2
• (Mg, Fe)2SiO4
![Page 11: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2.3 Crystalline Nature of Minerals• A crystal is any substance whose atoms are
arrange in a regular, periodically repeated pattern.
• When atoms combine to form minerals they so in organized way that forms a geometric pattern called crystal.
![Page 12: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Crystals
![Page 13: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Minerals and Rocks
• Room 222 ( Geology Building).
• Geology Building lobby
• Museum ?
![Page 14: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Physical Properties of Minerals 1 Crystal habit (shape) 2) Cleavage & fracture 3) Hardness 4) Specific gravity 5) Color 6) Streak 7) Luster Others (Taste, Reaction to Acid, magnetism. )
![Page 15: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Crystal Habit
Quartz: elongated crystals Quartz: no characteristic shape
![Page 16: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cleavage & Fracture
![Page 17: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mohs Mineral Hardness Scale
![Page 18: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Specific GravityQuartz 2.7
Au 19
![Page 19: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Color
![Page 20: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Luster
![Page 21: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Other
![Page 22: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Mineral Classes
![Page 23: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Silicates
Si
O
OO
O
![Page 24: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Carbonates
![Page 25: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2.6 Commercially Important Minerals
![Page 26: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Important Minerals
![Page 28: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
2.7 Harmful and Dangerous Roks and Minerals
• Asbestos.
• Feldspar Quartz
![Page 29: Chapter 2](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081604/56815fb7550346895dceb1ad/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Next Class
• Rocks