CHAPTER 2
-
Upload
nitiassware -
Category
Documents
-
view
11 -
download
0
description
Transcript of CHAPTER 2
![Page 1: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 2
CELL-THE BASIC UNIT of LIFE
![Page 2: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2.1 WHAT IS A CELL?
![Page 3: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• All living things are made up of basic units.• The basic unit that makes up living thing is the
cell.• Cell is the basic unit that can carry out all
living processes.• Cells are very small. Thus, they can only be
seen with the help of microscope. • So, we need to know how to use a
microscope.
![Page 4: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
microscope
![Page 5: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Learning How To Use A Microscope
• A microscope is used to look at very small things.
• We must handle a microscope with care. • Make sure that the microscope is always clean
and dry.
![Page 6: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How to carry a microscope?
![Page 7: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The correct way to carry a microscope is to hold the arm of the microscope with one hand and support the base with another hand.
![Page 8: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of cell
Plant cell Animal cell
![Page 9: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Animal Cell
![Page 10: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Plant Cell
![Page 11: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Protoplasm=nucleus and cytoplasm
![Page 12: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Structures of animal and plant cells and their functions
Structures Functions
Cell Membrane
Controls the movement of substances into or out of the cell
Cell Wall Support and gives the cell a regular shape
Cytoplasm -A place for storing food and waste materials-Chemical reactions take place here.
![Page 13: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Structures Functions
Nucleus Controls all activities of the cell
Vacuole Salt solution and sugar solutions are stored here.
Chloroplast Carries out photosynthesis
![Page 14: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2.2 Unicellular and multicellular Organisms
![Page 15: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Living things are also called as organisms.• Some organisms are made up of one cell.
These are called as unicellular organisms.• They are very small and can only be seen by
using a microscope.• For examples, Yeasts, Euglena, Paramecium
and Amoeba.
![Page 16: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Paramecium
![Page 17: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Euglena
![Page 18: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Amoeba
![Page 19: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Yeast
![Page 20: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Multicellular Organisms
• Organisms that are made up of more than one cell.
• Eg: Hydra, Spirogyra, birds, and ferns
multicell organisms.flv
![Page 21: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2.4 Cells in the Human Body
![Page 22: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Human body is made up of different kinds of cells.
• Examples: muscle cells, blood cells, nerve cells, epithelial cells and reproductive cells.
• Each type of cell plays an important role in carrying out certain functions.
![Page 23: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A)Muscle cell Function: Contract and relax providing elasticity for
movements of different parts of the body.
![Page 24: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
B) White Blood Cell Function: Protect the body from being attacked by
microorganisms
![Page 25: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
C) Reproductive Cells (Ovum and Sperm)
[from www.metacafe.com].flv
Function: Take part in fertilisation to produce young generations.
![Page 26: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
D)Red Blood Cell
Function: Transport oxygen in the body.
![Page 27: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ORGANISATION OF CELLS
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
SYSTEM
ORGANISM
![Page 28: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• The organisation of cells in the human body is far more complex compared to those Hydra and Spirogyra.
• The organisation of cells in this way enable multicellular organisms to carry out various processes of life such as moving, breathing and reproduction.
![Page 29: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
- There are 200 types of cells in our body.- Cells of the same type that the same function
form a tissue.- Muscle tissue, for example, is made up of muscle
cells and nervous tissue is made up of nerve cells. Different tissues working together to carry out a certain function form an organ.
![Page 30: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
- An organ consists of two or more types of tissue that perform a certain function. For examples, ear, brain, lung and stomach.
- Different organs working together to carry out a certain function form a system.
- Different systems make up the whole organism.
![Page 31: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Organisations of cells in the human body
Organ
Tissue
Cell
System
![Page 32: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Organism (human)
![Page 33: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
HUMAN SYSTEMS
![Page 34: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A) Skeletal system
Function: To support weight of the
body and protect soft organs.
![Page 35: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
B)Muscular system
Function: To help the body to move.
![Page 36: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Lymphatic system
Function:To defend the body against
disease with the help of lymphocytes.
![Page 37: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
C) Endocrine system
Function: To produce hormones to control
the body’s activities and development.
![Page 38: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
D) Digestive system
Function:To digest food so that it can be
absorbed easily and used by the body.
![Page 39: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
E) Nervous system
Function: To help the body to respond to changes inside and outside the
body.
![Page 40: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
F) Reproductive system
![Page 41: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Reproductive system
• Produce young for the next generation
![Page 42: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
G) Blood circulatory system
Function: To carry oxygen and food to all
parts of the body and waste substances to the kidneys.
![Page 43: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
H) Excretory System
![Page 44: CHAPTER 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/55cf8e61550346703b919640/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• TO REMOVE TOXIC SUBSTANCES FROM THE BODY