Chapter 2

America:A Narrative History

7th edition

Norton Media Library

byGeorge Brown Tindalland David Emory Shi

Reasons for European Reasons for European Migrations to the Migrations to the

Americas in the 17Americas in the 17cc

Reasons for European Reasons for European Migrations to the Migrations to the

Americas in the 17Americas in the 17cc

English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660

I. English background to colonization

A. Unique features of English development

1. Mixtures of languages and religions

2. Safety of isolation

3. Fading of feudalism

4. Class structure

B. Government

1. Local self-rule

2. Power of Parliament

3. Common Law

C. The economy

1. Joint-stock companies

2. Population explosion

3. Migrations

I. English background to colonization (cont’d)

D. The monarchy under the Stuarts

1. James I and “divine right”

2. Charles I and Parliament

3. Civil War

4. Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649–1660

5. Restoration of Charles II, 1660

6. Glorious Revolution of 1689

7. 1701 Act of Settlement

II. The early English colonies on the Chesapeake

A. Patterns of English colonization

1. Expectation of stockholders

2. Example of Ireland

3. Migrants not settlers

II. The early English colonies on the Chesapeake (cont’d)

B. Settlement of Virginia

1. Settlement at Jamestown, 1607

2. Roles of John Smith and Pocahontas

3. Powhatan Confederacy

4. Early difficulties

5. Importance of tobacco

6.Labor

7. General Assembly of Virginia House of Burgesses

8. Conflicts with Indians

9. Becomes a royal colony in 1624

10. Growth and stability under William Berkeley

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map

Captain John Smith:Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job??The Right Man for the Job??Captain John Smith:Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job??The Right Man for the Job??

There was no talk…but dig There was no talk…but dig goldgold, , wash wash goldgold, refine , refine goldgold, load , load goldgold……

PocahontasPocahontasPocahontasPocahontas

A 1616 A 1616 engravingengraving

Pocahontas “saves” Pocahontas “saves” Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith

John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe

What finally made the colony What finally made the colony prosperous??prosperous??

Tobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco Plant

Virginia’s Virginia’s gold gold and and silversilver.. -- John Rolfe, 1612 -- John Rolfe, 1612

Tobacco Prices: 1618-Tobacco Prices: 1618-17101710

Tobacco Prices: 1618-Tobacco Prices: 1618-17101710

Why did tobacco prices decline so Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?precipitously?

Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy:economy:

Vital role in putting VA on a firm Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic footing.economic footing.

Ruinous to soil when continuously Ruinous to soil when continuously planted.planted.

Chained VA’s economy to a single Chained VA’s economy to a single crop.crop.

Tobacco promoted the use of the Tobacco promoted the use of the plantation system.plantation system.

Need for cheap, abundant labor.Need for cheap, abundant labor.

Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”

Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”

Indentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured Servitude

Headright System:Headright System:

Each Virginian got 50 acres for Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage each person whose passage they paid.they paid.

Indenture Contract:Indenture Contract:

5-7 years.5-7 years.

Promised “freedom dues” [land, Promised “freedom dues” [land, £]£]

Forbidden to marry.Forbidden to marry.

1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!their indentured contracts!

Richard Frethorne’sRichard Frethorne’s1623 Letter1623 Letter

Richard Frethorne’sRichard Frethorne’s1623 Letter1623 Letter

In-Class ActivityIn-Class Activity::1.1. Describe the life of the indentured Describe the life of the indentured

servant as presented in this letter.servant as presented in this letter.

2.2. What are some of the problems he What are some of the problems he and the other servants experienced?and the other servants experienced?

3.3. What are their biggest fears?What are their biggest fears?

4.4. What does a historian learn about What does a historian learn about life in the 17c Chesapeake colony?life in the 17c Chesapeake colony?

Why was Why was 16191619 a pivotal year a pivotal year

for the for the Chesapeake Chesapeake settlement?settlement?

Why was Why was 16191619 a pivotal year a pivotal year

for the for the Chesapeake Chesapeake settlement?settlement?

VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses

VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses

The House of Burgesses The House of Burgesses established in established in 16191619 & began to & began to assume the role of the House of assume the role of the House of Commons in EnglandCommons in England

Control over finances, militia, etc.Control over finances, militia, etc.

By the end of the 17By the end of the 17cc, H of B was , H of B was able to initiate legislation.able to initiate legislation.

Growing Political PowerGrowing Political PowerGrowing Political PowerGrowing Political Power

James I grew hostile to VirginiaJames I grew hostile to Virginia

He hated tobacco.He hated tobacco.

He distrusted the House of He distrusted the House of Burgesses which he called a Burgesses which he called a seminary of seditionseminary of sedition..

1624 1624 he revoked the charter of he revoked the charter of the bankrupt VA Company.the bankrupt VA Company.

Thus, VA became a royal colonyThus, VA became a royal colony

Virginia Becomes a Royal Virginia Becomes a Royal ColonyColony

Virginia Becomes a Royal Virginia Becomes a Royal ColonyColony

English Tobacco English Tobacco LabelLabel

English Tobacco English Tobacco LabelLabel

First Africans arrived in Jamestown in First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 16191619..

Their status was not clear Their status was not clear perhaps perhaps slaves, perhaps indentured servants.slaves, perhaps indentured servants.

Slavery not that important until the end Slavery not that important until the end of the 17of the 17cc..

The Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave Trade

As the number of slaves As the number of slaves increased, white colonists reacted increased, white colonists reacted to put down perceived racial to put down perceived racial threat.threat.

Slavery transformed from Slavery transformed from economic to economic and racial economic to economic and racial institution.institution.

Early 1600s Early 1600s differences between differences between slave and servant were unclear.slave and servant were unclear.

By the mid-1680s, black slaves By the mid-1680s, black slaves outnumbered white indentured outnumbered white indentured servants.servants.

Colonial SlaveryColonial SlaveryColonial SlaveryColonial Slavery

II. The early English colonies on the Chesapeake (cont’d)

C. Bacon’s Rebellion

1. Tensions, discontents, and hatreds

2. Role of Nathaniel Bacon

3. Results

D. Maryland

1. Proprietary colony

2. Importance of Catholics

Rebels attacked Indians, whether Rebels attacked Indians, whether they were friendly or not to whites.they were friendly or not to whites.

Governor Berkeley driven from Governor Berkeley driven from Jamestown.Jamestown.

They burned the capital.They burned the capital.

Bacon suddenly died of fever.Bacon suddenly died of fever.

Berkeley brutally crushed the Berkeley brutally crushed the rebellion and hanged 20 rebels.rebellion and hanged 20 rebels.

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s RebellionBacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

It exposed resentments between It exposed resentments between inland frontiersmen and landless inland frontiersmen and landless former servants against gentry on former servants against gentry on coastal plantations.coastal plantations.

Socio-economic class Socio-economic class differences/clashes between rural differences/clashes between rural and urban communities would and urban communities would continue throughout American continue throughout American history.history.

Upper class planters searched for Upper class planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel laborers less likely to rebel BLACK BLACK SLAVES!!SLAVES!!

Results of Bacon’s Results of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

Results of Bacon’s Results of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

A royal charter wasA royal charter wasgranted to Georgegranted to GeorgeCalvert, Lord Calvert, Lord Baltimore,Baltimore,in 1632.in 1632.

A A proprietary proprietary colony colony created in 1634.created in 1634.

A healthier locationA healthier locationthan Jamestown.than Jamestown.

Tobacco would be the Tobacco would be the main crop.main crop.

His plan was to govern as an absentee His plan was to govern as an absentee proprietor in a feudal relationship.proprietor in a feudal relationship.

Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic relatives.relatives.

The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland

The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland

Baltimore permitted high degree of Baltimore permitted high degree of freedom of worship in order to prevent freedom of worship in order to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants.Protestants.

High number of Protestants threatened High number of Protestants threatened because of overwhelming rights given to because of overwhelming rights given to Catholics.Catholics.

Maryland Toleration Act of 1649Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 Supported by the Catholics in MD.Supported by the Catholics in MD.

Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.

Decreed death to those who denied the Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].

In one way, it was less tolerant than In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!before the law was passed!!

A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics

III. Colonial New England

A. Compared to Chesapeake colonies

1. Middle class

2. More women

3. Healthier climate

4. Holy settlement

B. Settlement at Plymouth

1. Pilgrims

2. Separatists

3. The Mayflower

4. Settlement of Plymouth

5. Mayflower Compact

PuritanismPuritanismCalvinism Institutes of the Christian Religion

Predestination.

•Good works could not save those predestined for hell.

•No one could be certain of their spiritual status.

•Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking signs of “conversion.”

Puritans:

Want to totally reform [purify] the Church of England.

Grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England.

Separatist Beliefs:Separatist Beliefs:

Puritans who believed only “visible Puritans who believed only “visible saints” [those who could saints” [those who could demonstrate in front of their fellow demonstrate in front of their fellow Puritans their elect status] should be Puritans their elect status] should be admitted to church membership.admitted to church membership.

Because the Church of England Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, enrolled all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they had to share Separatists felt they had to share churches with the “damned.”churches with the “damned.”

Therefore, they believed in a total Therefore, they believed in a total break from the Church of England.break from the Church of England.

SeparatistsSeparatists

1620 1620 a group of 102 a group of 102 people [half Separatists] people [half Separatists]

Negotiated with theNegotiated with theVirginia Company to Virginia Company to settle in its settle in its jurisdiction.jurisdiction.

Non-Separatists Non-Separatists included Captain Myles included Captain Myles Standish.Standish.

Plymouth Bay way Plymouth Bay way outside the domain of the Virginia outside the domain of the Virginia Company.Company.

Became squatters without legal right to Became squatters without legal right to land & specific authority to establish a land & specific authority to establish a govt.govt.

The MayflowerThe Mayflower

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620Written and signed before the Pilgrims disembarked from the ship.

Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude govt. and submit to majority rule.

Signed by 41 adult males.

Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

Covenant TheologyCovenant Theology

“Covenant of Grace”: between Puritan communities

and God.

“Social Covenant”: Between members of Puritan

communities with each other.

Required mutual watchfulness.

No toleration of deviance or disorder.

No privacy.

That First Year….That First Year….Winter of 1620-1621

Only 44 out of the original 102 survived.

None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back.

Fall of 1621 First “Thanksgiving.”

Colony survived with fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber.

Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant.

1691 only 7,000 people

Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony.

III. Colonial New England (cont’d)

C. Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630

1. Role of the Puritans

2. John Winthrop

3. Evolution of government

D. Creation of Rhode Island

1. Views of Roger Williams

2. Religious freedom

3. Controversy over Anne Hutchinson

E. Origins of Connecticut, 1637

F. Settlement of Maine and New Hampshire

First Seal of MA BayFirst Seal of MA Bay

The MA Bay ColonyThe MA Bay Colony1629 non-Separatists got a royal charter to form the MA Bay Co.

Wanted to escape attacks by conservatives in the Church of England.

They didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities.”

1630 1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships

Established a colony with Boston as its hub.

“Great Migration” of the 1630s

Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America.

Not all Puritans 20,000 came to MA.

John WinthropJohn Winthrop

..we shall be as a ..we shall be as a City on a hill.The eyes City on a hill.The eyes of all people are upon of all people are upon

us.us.

Well-off attorney and manor lord in England.

A Modell of Christian Charity.

Became 1st governor of Massachusetts.

Believed that he had a “calling” from God to lead there.

Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years.

Characteristics of New England Settlements

Characteristics of New England Settlements

Low mortality Low mortality average life average life expectancy was 70 years of expectancy was 70 years of age.age.

Many extended families.Many extended families.

Average 6 children per family.Average 6 children per family.

Average age at marriage:Average age at marriage: Women – 22 years oldWomen – 22 years old

Men – 27 years old.Men – 27 years old.

Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”Young, popular minister in Young, popular minister in Salem.Salem.

Argued for a full break Argued for a full break with the Anglican Church.with the Anglican Church.

Condemned MA Bay Condemned MA Bay Charter.Charter.

• Did not give fair Did not give fair compensation to Indians.compensation to Indians.

Denied authority of civil Denied authority of civil govt. to regulate religious govt. to regulate religious behavior.behavior.

1635 1635 found guilty of preaching found guilty of preaching newe & newe & dangerous opinionsdangerous opinions and was exiled. and was exiled.

Roger Roger WilliamsWilliams

1636 1636 Roger Williams fled there. Roger Williams fled there.

MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him to England to prevent him from founding a to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony.competing colony.

Remarkable political freedom in Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RIProvidence, RI

RI becomes known as the “Sewer”.RI becomes known as the “Sewer”.

Rhode IslandRhode Island

Intelligent, strong-willed,Intelligent, strong-willed,well-spoken woman.well-spoken woman.

Threatened patriarchal Threatened patriarchal control.control.

AntinomialismAntinomialism [direct [direct revelation]revelation]

Means “against the law.”Means “against the law.”

Carried to logical extremes Carried to logical extremes Puritan doctrine of Puritan doctrine of predestination.predestination.

Holy life was no sure sign of salvation.Holy life was no sure sign of salvation.

Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of either God or man.either God or man.

Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”

AnneAnneHutchinsonHutchinson

1638 1638 she confounded the Puritan she confounded the Puritan leaders for days.leaders for days.

Eventually bragged that she had Eventually bragged that she had received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God.received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God.

Direct revelation was even more serious Direct revelation was even more serious than the heresy of antinomianism. than the heresy of antinomianism. WHY??WHY??

Puritan leaders banished her Puritan leaders banished her she & she & her family traveled to RI and later to NY.her family traveled to RI and later to NY.

She and all but one member of her family She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County.Westchester County.

John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

New England Colonies, 1650

New England Colonies, 1650

IV. New England Indians

A. Cultural interactions

1. Strategies of Indians

2. English objectives

B. Indian Society

1. Dependence of Nature

2. Religion

3. Epidemics

C. Pequot War

1. Background

2. Massacre of Indians

D. King Philip’s War

The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637

The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637Pequots Pequots very very

powerful tribepowerful tribein CT river valley.in CT river valley.

1637 1637 Pequot PequotWarWar

Whites, withWhites, withNarragansettNarragansettIndian allies,Indian allies,attacked Pequotattacked Pequotvillage on Mystic village on Mystic River.River.

Whites set fire Whites set fire to homes & shot fleeing survivors!to homes & shot fleeing survivors!

Pequot tribe virtually annihilatedPequot tribe virtually annihilated an uneasy an uneasy peace lasted for 40 years.peace lasted for 40 years.

A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637

Only hope for Native Only hope for Native Americans to resist Americans to resist white settlers was to white settlers was to UNITE.UNITE.

MetacomMetacom [King Philip to [King Philip to white settlers]white settlers]

Massasoit’s son united Massasoit’s son united Indians and staged Indians and staged coordinated attacks coordinated attacks on white settlements throughout New on white settlements throughout New England.England.

Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.Boston.

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

The war ended in failure for the IndiansThe war ended in failure for the Indians

Metacom beheaded and drawn and Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered.quartered.

His son and wife sold into slavery.His son and wife sold into slavery.

Never a serious threat in New England Never a serious threat in New England again!!again!!

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

V. The English Civil War and the colonies

A. Reduced immigration

B. English neglect of colonies

C. Formation of New England Confederation, 1643

D. Controversy over toleration in Maryland

E. Cromwell’s defense of the colonies

F. Limited impact of the Restoration

VI. New proprietary colonies

A. Carolinas settlements and governments

1. North Carolina’s development

2. South Carolina

a. Impact of West Indian planters

b. Government and religious toleration

c. Economic development

B. Southern Indian trade

1. Geographic extent of and material basis for trade

2. Troubles arising from Indian trade

3. Trade in Indian slaves

4. Conflicts with Indians

a. Tuscarora War

b. Yemassee War

The Carolinas

The Carolinas

The West Indies The West Indies Way Way Station to Mainland Station to Mainland

AmericaAmerica

The West Indies The West Indies Way Way Station to Mainland Station to Mainland

AmericaAmerica1670 a group of small English farmers from the West Indies arrived in Carolina.

Were squeezed out by sugar barons.

Brought a few black slaves and a model of the Barbados slave code with them.

Names for King Charles II.

The King granted Carolina to 8 supporters [Lord Proprietors].

They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.

Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”

Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”

Colonizing the CarolinasColonizing the CarolinasColonizing the CarolinasColonizing the Carolinas

Carolina developed close economic ties to the West Indies.

Many Carolinian settlers were originally from the West Indies.

They used local Savannah Indians to enslave other Indians [about 10,000] and send them to the West Indies [and some to New England].

Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC

Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC

Also named for King Charles II of England.

Became the busiest port in the South.

City with aristocratic feel.

Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.

The primary export.

Rice was still an exotic food in England.

Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.

These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.

By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice

Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice

American Long American Long Grain RiceGrain Rice

Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:

IndigoIndigo

Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:

IndigoIndigoIn colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.

Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolina

The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolinaNorthern part of Carolina shared a

border with VA

VA dominated by aristocratic planters who were generally Church of England members.

Dissenters from VA moved south to northern Carolina.

Poor farmers with little need for slaves.

Religious dissenters.

Distinctive traits of North Carolinians

Irreligious & hospitable to pirates.

Strong spirit of resistance to authority.

1712 NC officially separated from SC.

VI. New proprietary colonies (cont’d)

C. New York

1. Originally a Dutch colony

2. Patroon system

3. British conquest, 1664

4. Dutch political principles

D. Iroquois League

1. Formation of the Iroquois League

2. Iroqois life

3. Development of warfare among the tribes

4. Iroquois expansion and its effects

5. Evolution of neutrality in the 1700s

E. New Jersey, a proprietary grant from the Duke of York

Settling the Middle Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] [or “Restoration”]

ColoniesColonies

Settling the Middle Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] [or “Restoration”]

ColoniesColonies

New NetherlandsNew NetherlandsNew NetherlandsNew Netherlands

New Netherlands founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624)

Established by Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade.

Company wouldn’t pay much attention to the colony.

Manhattan [New Amsterdam]

Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre.

Company town run in interests of the stockholders.

No interest in religious toleration, free speech, or democracy.

Governors appointed by the Company were autocratic.

Religious dissenters against Dutch Reformed Church [including Quakers] were persecuted.

Local assembly with limited power to make laws established after repeated protests by colonists.

New Amsterdam Harbor, New Amsterdam Harbor, 16391639

New Amsterdam Harbor, New Amsterdam Harbor, 16391639

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16601660

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16601660

Characteristics of New Amsterdam:

Aristocratic patroonships [feudal estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 people on them].

Cosmopolitan diverse population with many different languages.

New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden

New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden

Swedes in New Swedes in New NetherlandsNetherlands

Swedes in New Swedes in New NetherlandsNetherlandsMid-1600s Sweden in Golden Age

settled small, under-funded colony [called “New Sweden”] near New Netherland.

1655 Dutch under director-general Peter Stuyvesant attack New Sweden.

Main fort fell after bloodless siege.

New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland.

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColony

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColonyCharles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]

1664 English soldiers arrived.

Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.

Renamed “New York”

England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.

England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16641664

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16641664

VI. New proprietary colonies (cont’d)

F. Pennsylvania’s development

1. Problems of the Quakers

2. Role of William Penn

3. Development of the colony

4. Government and Indian relations

G. Delaware granted to Penn, but operated separately

H. Experiment of Georgia, 1733

1. Philanthropic purpose

2. Defensive role

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

The QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.

Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.

Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.

Keep hats on.

Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.”

Wouldn’t take oaths.

Pacifists.

1681 he received agrant from king toestablish a colony.

This settled a debt the king owed his father.

Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].

He sent out paid agents and advertised for settlers his pamphlets were pretty honest.

Liberal land policy attracted many immigrants.

William PennWilliam PennWilliam PennWilliam Penn

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans

Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians.

Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.

BUT…….. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA

Treated native peoples poorly.

This undermined the actions of the Quakers!

Government of Government of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Government of Government of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Representative assembly elected by landowners.

No tax-supported church.

Freedom of worship guaranteed to all.

Forced to deny right to vote & hold office to Catholics & Jews by English govt.

Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian Society

Attracted many different people

Religious misfits from other colonies.

Many different ethnic groups.

No provision for military defense.

No restrictions on immigration.

No slavery!!

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

New JerseyNew

Jersey

New Jersey — PA’s New Jersey — PA’s NeighborNeighbor

New Jersey — PA’s New Jersey — PA’s NeighborNeighbor1664 aristocratic

proprietors rcvd. the area from the Duke of York.

Many New Englanders [because of worn out soil] moved to NJ.

1674 West NJ sold to Quakers.

East NJ eventually acquired by Quakers.

1702 E & W NJ combined into NJ and created one colony.

DelawareDelaware

Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s NeighborNeighbor

Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s NeighborNeighbor

Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].

Closely associated with Penn’s colony.

1703 granted its own assembly.

Remained under the control of PA until the American Revolution.

Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic Groups

GeorgiaGeorgia

18c Southern 18c Southern ColoniesColonies

18c Southern 18c Southern ColoniesColonies

Late-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming Georgia

Founded in 1733.

Last of the 13 colonies.

Named in honor of King George II.

Founded by James Oglethorpe.

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:

As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.

Received subsidies from British govt. to offset costs of defense.

Export silk and wine.

A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.

Determined to keep slavery out!

Slavery found in GAby 1750.

The Port City of The Port City of Savannah Savannah

The Port City of The Port City of Savannah Savannah

Diverse community.

All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration.

Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians most famous was John Wesley.

VII. General features of English settlement

A. Effect of lack of centralized direction

B. Role of private investment

C. Welcome of diverse settlers

D. Importance of self-government

E. Compact pattern of settlement