Chapter 1gp 1and 2

8/14/2019 Chapter 1gp 1and 2

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Chapter 1

Guidepost 1 and 2


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Victor

Read the introductorysection on Victor theWild Boy of Aveyron.

Victor is an exampleof a feral child.Apparently Victorraised himself in the

wilds without careuntil the age ofapprox. 12.


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Victor

This is interesting to

scientists, particularly

to psychologists

because it allows forexamination of an

important and

controversial topic in

Psychology : NatureVS Nurture


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Victor

Nature-Nurture

Debate

The debate over the

extent to whichhuman behavior is

determined by

genetics and the

environment.


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Other ways Nature vs Nurture is

Studied Family Studies

Studies that estimate genetic influences throughsimilarities of family members who vary in theirdegree genetic relatedness

Twin-Study Method A method of testing nature and nurture by

comparing pairs of identical and fraternal twins ofthe same sex

Adoption Studies A method of testing nature and nurture by

comparing twins and other siblings rearedtogether with those separated by adoption


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Nature VS Nurture


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Nature VS Nurture

Genetic and environmental influences are

not independent.

Identical twins receive more similar treatment

from their parents compared to fraternal twins.

Peoples genetic makeup influences how

they are treated by others, the environments

in which they live, and the way they perceiveand recall the details of that environment.


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GP1. What is Human Development

and what are the principle steps inthe evolution of its study?

2 main topics are examined

How people change over time (what is

normal development in children)

Continuity in development


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Domains of Development

Physical Development

Body structures

Organs

Brain growth

The 5 senses

Motor Skills gross (large) and fine (small)

Strength

Reproductive system


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Cognitive Development

Learning

Memory

Use of symbolism Language

Logical thought

Reasoning Numeracy

Literacy


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Socioemotional (Pyschosocial)Development Attachments to others Self-awareness

Interest in others Independence Identity Self-concept

Self-esteem Personality relationships


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GP2 Wh t i th Lif S


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GP2 What is the Life Span

Developmental Approach and what

are its key principles Eight Periods of the life span

1. Prenatal (conception to birth)

2 )Infancy and Toddler: Birth to 3 Years3)Early Childhood: 3 to 6 Years4)Middle Childhood(School Age): 6 to 11

Years

5)Adolescence: 11 to 20Years6)Young adulthood: 20 to 407)Middle Adulthood: 40 to 658)Late Adulthood: 65 to Death

GP2 Wh t i th Lif S


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GP2 What is the Life Span

Developmental Approach and what

are its key principles Baltes key Principles of Life Span Development

4 Principles of the Lifespan Developmental

Approach (see page 10) Development is Lifelong

Development depends on history and context

Development is multidimensional &multidirectional

Development is pliable (plastic)


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Development is Lifelong

According to the life-spandevelopmentalperspective, developmentoccurs from conception to

death. Thus, one not onlydevelops prenatally, inchildhood, and inadolescence butthroughout the entirety of

one's life.


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Development depends on history

and context Dimensions of time must be

addressed when examining thehuman life cycle Life time isessentially chronological time asone moves through the lifecycle. It should be noted that life

time does not necessarilydetermine age status. Forexample, an individual may bedefined as an adult in oneculture but not in another. Socialtime is composed of age-gradednorms for behavior. As such,

social time is culturally defined.Historic time can be describedas the political, economic andsocial environments affect onthe life cycle.

D l t i


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Development is

multidimensional &

multidirectional By multidimensional we mean

that development is affected bymany intermingled factors, forexample biological,

psychological, and social forces. By multidirectional we mean that

development cansimultaneously proceed in morethan one direction. For instance,both physical strength and

cognitive ability can increase atthe same time. Dont forget thatmultidirectional not only includesincreases in growth andperformance occur, butdecreases as well.


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Development is plastic or pliable

Plasticity is the term

researchers use to

emphasize that

development is highly

flexible throughout

development.

Many of our abilitiesare modifiable through

training/practice

throughout life

Chapter 1gp 1and 2

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