CHAPTER 19. Primates -Lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes Adapted for a arboreal (in trees) lifestyle...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 19. Primates -Lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes Adapted for a arboreal (in trees) lifestyle...
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Human Evolution
CHAPTER 19
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Primates -Lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes Adapted for a arboreal (in trees) lifestyle
Limber shoulder and hip joints for moving in trees
Mobile and sensitive hands and feet Overlapping fields of vision for depth perception Extensive parental care
19.1 primates
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Gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees,
and humans No tail Opposable thumbs Large brain, complex behavior Social organization Chimps use sign language, raid other chimp
family groups, and make simple tools
Apes
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Humans and chimps diverged from a common
ancestor 5 to 7 million years ago Derived traits
Bipedal, shorter jaw, larger brain, language, symbolic thought, manufacture and use of complex tools
Hominids- more human like than ape like
19.3 Human family tree
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Evolved before increase in brain size
“Lucy” – fossilized hominid – 3 million years old Australopithecus afarensis Skeleton was 40% complete 1 meter tall Head the size of a softball Was clearly bipedal
Bipedalism
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Hominids with larger
brains Homo habilis “Handy Man”- created sharp
stone tools Homo erectus – first to migrate out of Africa Neanderthal Man-fossils found in Europe
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Modern man
Capable of symbolic thought as evidenced by art and other artifacts
Cro- Magnon Man
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19.9 Human Culture
Pass on accumulated knowledge, customs, beliefs, art, and other products by means of written and spoken language
Culture has allowed humans to overcome physical limitations and alter nature
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Earliest hominids were
hunter/scavenger/gatherers Tool manufacture allowed for more efficient
hunting Division of labor
19.10 Hunter/Gatherer
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People settled in one place and began growing
crops and domesticating animals Led to population increases, food surplus, and
accumulation of wealth Not all people in a community had to grow
food and other occupations and interests developed
19.11 Agriculture
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Use of complex tools, machines and technology
has industrialized our culture Has allowed for even greater population growth
due to Better sanitation Better nutrition Better healthcare
As a result we have caused significant changes to the earth’s surface
19.12 Industrialization