Chapter 19Land-Use Controls and Property DevelopmentIssues controlled by local land-use controls include how close developers can place units to each other, and how to protect historic characteristics of an area.

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• Learning objectives– Identify the various types of public and private land-use

controls– Describe how a comprehensive plan influences local

real estate development– Explain the various issues involved in subdivision– Distinguish the function and characteristics of building

codes and zoning ordinances

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• The comprehensive plan– Land Use– Housing needs– Movement of people and goods– Community facilities and utilities– Energy conservation

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• Zoning– Permitted uses– Lot sizes– Types of structures– Building heights– Setbacks– Style and appearance of structure– Density– Protection of natural resources

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• Zoning ordinances– Buffer zones– Bulk zoning– Aesthetic zoning– Incentive zoning– 14th Amendment– Takings Clause (5th Amendment)– Inverse condemnation– Planned unit development (PUD)

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• Constitutional issues– Power must be exercised in a reasonable manner– Provisions must be clear and specific– Ordinances must be nondiscriminatory– Ordinances promote public health, safety, and general

welfare under the public power concept– Ordinances apply to all property in a similar manner

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• Zoning permits– Zoning hearing board– Nonconforming use– Conditional use permit (special use permit)– Variance

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• Building (construction) costs• Certificate of occupancy

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• Subdivision– Subdivider versus developer– Land development planning– Plats– Subdivision plan– Density

• Curvilinear street pattern• Gridiron street pattern• Clustering for open space

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• Private land-use controls– Restrictive covenants– Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions – CC&Rs– May be more restrictive than zoning ordinances

• Regulation of land sales– Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act– Georgia Land Sales Act