Chapter 19
-
Upload
henry-malone -
Category
Documents
-
view
19 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Chapter 19
![Page 1: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 19
World War II
![Page 2: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Section 1: Paths to War
• German Path to War– WWII had its
beginnings with Hitler’s desire to create a German empire.
• He wanted to access land in the east which would eventually lead to war with the Soviet Union
![Page 3: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• In order to accomplish this task, Hitler created a new air force and increased the army to over 550,000 troops.
• France, Great Britain, and Italy condemned Germany’s actions and warned against future aggressive acts.– This ended up being an empty warning.
![Page 4: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Hitler sent troops into the demilitarized zone.– France did not respond because they did
not have British support.– The policy of appeasement began with
Britain’s refusal to support military action.
![Page 5: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• This policy continued for two years, while Hitler annexed Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia.– Hitler had threatened invasion and was
willing to risk “world war” to achieve his objective of creating a German empire.
** end of notes**
![Page 6: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• In August of 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact.– Hitler knew that he would eventually have
to break the pact.
![Page 7: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland.– Two days later,
Great Britain and France declared war on Germany.
![Page 8: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Japanese Path to War– Japan was in search of natural resources
to fuel their industries.• They began annexing territory in China in the
1930s.– The US warned Japan that it would apply economic
sanctions unless it withdrew from China. The US would cut Japan off from the oil and scrap iron it was supplying.
![Page 9: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Japan’s military leaders decided to launch a surprise attack on U.S. and European colonies in Southeast Asia.
** end of notes**
![Page 10: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Section 2: The Course of World War II• Europe at War
– Hitler hit Poland with speed and efficiency.• His blitzkrieg forces easily broke through the
Polish defenses.• Within four weeks, Poland surrendered.
– At the end of September, Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland.
![Page 11: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Hitler continued his attack through the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.– Within a month and a half, Germany
occupied three-fifths of France.– Germany was now in control of western
and central Europe.
![Page 12: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Germany began attacking Great Britain.– The Luftwaffe bombed
major naval bases, communication centers, and war industries.
– They would eventually bomb cities, hoping to break British morale.
![Page 13: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Hitler, convinced that Britain remained in the war only because it expected Soviet help, invaded the Soviet Union in June of 1941.– Unprepared for the harsh
winter, the Germans were halted by the Soviets in December.
** end of notes**
![Page 14: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• On December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands.
![Page 15: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• By the spring of 1942, almost all of Southeast Asia and much of the western Pacific had fallen into Japanese hands.
![Page 16: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• The entry of the US into the war created a new coalition, the Grand Alliance.– The three major allies were Great Britain,
the US, and the Soviet Union.
• The Allies agreed to fight until the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) surrendered unconditionally.
** end of notes**
![Page 17: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Last Years of the War– In Asia, a major turning
point was at the Battle of Midway Island in June of 1942.
• The US destroyed Japanese aircraft carriers and established naval superiority in the Pacific.
![Page 18: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• General Douglas MacArthur would lead the allied forces across the Pacific, “island hopping” until they reached the Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
![Page 19: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• On June 6, 1943, the Allies landed on the Normandy beaches under the leadership of General Dwight D. Eisenhower. This day is known as D-Day.– Within three months, the Allies had landed
2 million men and a half-million vehicles.
![Page 20: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• The Allies freed France in August of 1944.• In January of 1945, Hitler moved into an
underground bunker in Berlin.– On April 30, he committed suicide after
Mussolini was assassinated.– German forces on May 7, 1945.
• May 8 is known as V-E Day
![Page 21: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• War in Asia continued– Pres. Harry Truman decided to drop the
atomic bomb on Japan to avoid heavy American casualties
• August 6 – Hiroshima• August 9 – Nagasaki• September 2 – V-J Day
** end of notes**
![Page 22: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Section 3: The New Order and the Holocaust• Newly conquered lands were seen as
living space for German expansion.– 1 million Poles were uprooted and moved
to southern Poland.• They would become slave labor for the German
people.
![Page 23: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• The Holocaust– Polish Jews would eventually be
exterminated.• The Einsatzgruppen would be responsible for
carrying out the Nazi plans.• They rounded up Jews, killed them, and buried
them in large mass graves.
![Page 24: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Death Camps– Because of the slow progress of the mobile
killing units, the Nazis decided to build death camps.
• 6 extermination centers were established in Poland.
• Auschwitz was the largest.
![Page 25: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Chapter 19](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56812c6e550346895d91056b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• The Germans killed between 5 and 6 million Jews.– Virtually, 90% of the Jewish population
were killed.– The Germans were also responsible for the
shooting and starvation of at least 9 to 10 million non-Jews.